1. Let's mock things!¶

Below you can see get_wiki_article function which is a very simple implementation for fetching an article from wikipedia. Your task is to mock it's implementation such that it's going to always return 'Python is cool!'. However, note that you should be able to check which argument is given to urlopen when get_wiki_article is called.

Note: get_content_of_url uses urrlib, which is part of the Standard Library, for creating a HTTP request. Usually it's preferable to use requests library (not part of the Standard Library) for such operations. Actually, requests uses urllib under the hood so it's good to know what's happening when you start using requests - or maybe you have already used it.

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from urllib.request import urlopen


def get_wiki_article(name):
    url = f"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{name}"
    response = urlopen(url)
    content = str(response.read())
    return content

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# Your implementation here

Let's verify it works as expected.

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article = "Python_(programming_language)"
res = get_wiki_article(article)
assert "Guido van Rossum" not in res, "Guido is still there!"
assert res == "Python is cool!"
urlopen.assert_called_with(
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)"
)

print("All good!")

2. The power of `collections` module¶

2.1 Creating a namedtuple¶

Create a namedtuple Car which has fields price, mileage, and brand.

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# Your implemenation here

Let's test it.

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car1 = Car(25000, 2000, "BMW")
assert car1.price == 25000
assert car1.mileage == 2000
assert car1.brand == "BMW"
assert isinstance(car1, tuple)

# Note that indexing works also!
# This means that if you change a tuple into a namedtuple,
# the change will be backwards compatible.
assert car1[2] == "BMW"

print("All good!")

The power of namedtuples is their simplicity. If Car would have been implemented as a class, the implementation would have been notably longer. However, if you would need to be able to e.g. change the mileage or price during the lifetime of a Car instance, consider using class because tuples are immutable.

2.2 dict of dicts¶

Implement a name_mapping function which takes a collection of names as argument.

The specification for `name_mapping`¶

you can assume that all the elements in the names collection are strings
if the provided names collection is empty, returns an empty dict
returns a dictionary of dictionaries
- outer dictionary should contain keys vowel and consonant
- vowel and consonant keys should have dictionaries of names (keys) and their occurences (values) as values
- names belong to either vowel or consonant based on their first letter
- vowels are defined by the VOWELS constant
- if there are only names starting with a vowel, consonant key should not be present in the return value (same applies vice versa)
see the tests below for complete examples

Tip: defaultdict and Counter may be helpful here :)

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VOWELS = ("a", "e", "i", "o", "u")

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def name_mapping(names):
    # Your implementation here

Let's verify that it works correctly!

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names = ("Alice", "John", "Lisa", "John", "Eric", "Waldo", "annie", "Alice", "John")
expected = {
    "consonant": {"John": 3, "Waldo": 1, "Lisa": 1},
    "vowel": {"Alice": 2, "annie": 1, "Eric": 1},
}
assert name_mapping(names) == expected
print("First ok!")

only_consonants = ("John", "Doe", "Doe")
expected2 = {"consonant": {"John": 1, "Doe": 2}}
assert name_mapping(only_consonants) == expected2
print("Second ok!")

assert name_mapping([]) == {}

print("All ok!")

1. Let's mock things!¶

2. The power of collections module¶

2.1 Creating a namedtuple¶

2.2 dict of dicts¶

The specification for name_mapping¶

2. The power of `collections` module¶

The specification for `name_mapping`¶