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The effect of Brazilian propolis type-3 against oral microbiota and volatile sulfur compounds in subjects with morning breath malodor

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate propolis type-3 mouthrinse effects on the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and on tongue dorsum microbial profile.

Materials and methods

A three-step double-blind, crossover, randomized study with 10 individuals divided into three groups: I-placebo (P); II-ethanolic extract of propolis type-3 3% (EEP); and III-chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) and instructed to rinse twice daily for 5 days. Each experimental period was followed by a 21-day washout interval. Morning mouth breath was assessed by VSC concentrations and microbiological samples were obtained from tongue dorsum at baseline and the end of period of rinses and analyzed using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization technique for 39 bacterial species.

Results

CHX and EEP presented the lowest VSC concentration when compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Even in the absence of mechanical plaque control, CHX and EEP treatments reduced VSC levels and there were no statistical differences for VSC measurement between CHX and EEP. There was a significant reduction in mean counts of 10 species including some VSC producers (Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) by EEP. Total counts of organisms, gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species showed a decrease for EEP and CHX (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistical difference was observed between EEP and CHX (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between decrease of bacterial counts and decrease of VCSs concentration for the EEP and CHX.

Conclusions

The use of a 3% propolis type-3 mouthrinse is an effective way to prevent morning bad breath. Thus, propolis may be a promising agent for the treatment of halitosis.

Clinical relevance

Propolis type-3 may be used as adjuvant treatment for morning breath malodor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil

    Marcelo de Faveri, Bruno Bueno-Silva, Kelson Marinho de Oliveira & Luciene Cristina Figueiredo

  2. Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa –CEPPE, Universidade Guarulhos, Praça Tereza Cristina, 299 – Centro, Guarulhos, SP, 07023-070, Brazil

    Marcelo de Faveri

  3. State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Giselle Cancine Pupio, Roberto Masayuki Hayacibara & Mitsue Fujimaki

  4. Department of Orthodontics, Division of Community Oral Health, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

    Hyun Koo

  5. Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Pedro Luiz Rosalen & Mitsue Fujimaki

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  1. Marcelo de Faveri
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Correspondence to Marcelo de Faveri.

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de Faveri, M., Pupio, G.C., Koo, H. et al. The effect of Brazilian propolis type-3 against oral microbiota and volatile sulfur compounds in subjects with morning breath malodor. Clin Oral Invest 26, 1531–1541 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04125-x

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