/*******************************************************************************
 * PreTeXt Stylesheet
 *******************************************************************************
 *
 * Authors: Michael DuBois, David Farmer, Rob Beezer
 *
 *******************************************************************************
 */
/**
 * Containers restrict the max-width of content within elements
 * whose backgrounds must stretch to the width of the viewport.
 */
.container {
  margin: 0;
  transition-property: width;
  transition-duration: 400ms;
}
.container, .container.layout-left, .layout-left .container {
  max-width: 664px;
}
.container.has-sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left .container {
  max-width: 904px;
}

/* over-write bootstrap (in Runestone, for example) */
#primary-navbar > .container {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  max-width: 904px;
  background-color: inherit;
}
#masthead .container {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background-color: inherit;
}
#masthead .navbar {
  border-top: none;
  border-right: none;
  border-left: none;
  min-height: unset;
}
#primary-navbar .container::before,
#masthead .navbar::before,
#masthead .container::before,
#masthead #primary-navbar::before,
#primary-navbar .container::after,
#masthead .navbar::after,
#masthead .container::after,
#masthead #primary-navbar::after {
    all: unset;
}

#masthead {
  position: relative;
  background: #fafafa;
  min-height: inherit;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}
#masthead #title-container, #masthead .title-container {
  font-size: 1em;
  padding-left: 9.68px;
  overflow: hidden;
  *zoom: 1;
  /* On mobile phones */
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #masthead #title-container, #masthead .title-container {
    padding: 0;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 0.625em;
  }
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading, #masthead .title-container > .heading {
  font-family: "PT Serif", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: inherit;
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading.hide-type .type, #masthead .title-container > .heading.hide-type .type {
  display: none;
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading.hide-codenumber .codenumber, #masthead .title-container > .heading.hide-codenumber .codenumber {
  display: none;
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading.hide-title .title, #masthead .title-container > .heading.hide-title .title {
  display: none;
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading, #masthead .title-container > .heading {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 2em;
  line-height: 1.25em;
  font-family: "PT Serif", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  color: #932919;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #masthead #title-container > .heading, #masthead .title-container > .heading {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    line-height: 1.25em;
    margin: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0.41667em;
  }
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading a:link, #masthead #title-container > .heading a:visited, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:link, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:visited {
  color: #932919;
  color: #932919;
  background: none;
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading a:link, .lt-ie10 #masthead #title-container > .heading a:link, #masthead #title-container > .heading a:visited, .lt-ie10 #masthead #title-container > .heading a:visited, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:link, .lt-ie10 #masthead .title-container > .heading a:link, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:visited, .lt-ie10 #masthead .title-container > .heading a:visited {
  text-decoration: none;
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading a:hover, #masthead #title-container > .heading a:focus, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:hover, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:focus {
  color: #932919;
  /**
   * Better underlines using background gradients
   * See http://bit.ly/1vTg7hr
   */
  /* the better underlines were removed by David Farmer on 2/9/16
     because of various headaches  */
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading a:active, #masthead .title-container > .heading a:active {
  color: #3572a0;
  /**
   * Better underlines using background gradients
   * See http://bit.ly/1vTg7hr
   */
  /* the better underlines were removed by David Farmer on 2/9/16
     because of various headaches  */
}
#masthead #title-container > .heading .subtitle, #masthead .title-container > .heading .subtitle {
  font-weight: normal;
  /* Much classier */
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #masthead #title-container > .heading .subtitle, #masthead .title-container > .heading .subtitle {
    /* Force the subtitle onto a separate line */
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.16667em;
    line-height: 1.42857em;
    /* De-emphasize relative to main title */
    color: #595959;
    /* Remove colon */
  }
  #masthead #title-container > .heading .subtitle:before, #masthead .title-container > .heading .subtitle:before {
    content: normal;
  }
}
#masthead #logo-link, #masthead .logo-link {
  position: relative;
  float: left;
  font-size: 50px;
  margin-top: 0.1em;
  margin-left: 9.68px;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1;
  /* Must be 1 so that icon placeholder is centered */
  /* Display placeholder icon for css3 browsers (progressive enhancement) */
  /* Override addons */
  /* On mobile phones */
}
#masthead #logo-link img, #masthead .logo-link img {
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  /* Allow font-size to control height
   * so that icon placeholder height matches */
  max-height: 1em;
}
#masthead #logo-link:empty:before, #masthead .logo-link:empty:before {
  font-family: "Open Sans";
  font-size: 1em;
  /* Center the icon in a square the size of the parent's font-size */
  line-height: 1;
  width: 1em;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  text-align: center;
  color: #ccc;
}
#masthead #logo-link:empty:before,
.pretext-content #masthead #logo-link:empty:before,
.mathbook-book #masthead #logo-link:empty:before,
.pretext-book #masthead #logo-link:empty:before,
.mathbook-article #masthead #logo-link:empty:before,
.pretext-article #masthead #logo-link:empty:before {
  content: "\2211";
}
#masthead #logo-link:empty:hover:before, #masthead .logo-link:empty:hover:before {
  color: #932919;
}
#masthead #logo-link:empty:active:before, #masthead .logo-link:empty:active:before {
  color: #3572a0;
}
#masthead #logo-link:link, #masthead #logo-link:hover, #masthead #logo-link:active, #masthead .logo-link:link, #masthead .logo-link:hover, #masthead .logo-link:active {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  text-decoration: none;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #masthead #logo-link, #masthead .logo-link {
    display: block;
    float: none;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 50px;
  }
}
#masthead #byline, #masthead .byline {
  color: #333333;
  font-weight: normal;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.3125em;
  line-height: 1.42857em;
  min-height: inherit;
  font-family: "PT Serif", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  #masthead #byline, #masthead .byline {
    margin-top: 0;
    font-size: 1em;
    line-height: 1.25em;
  }
}
#masthead #byline a:link, #masthead #byline a:visited, #masthead .byline a:link, #masthead .byline a:visited {
  color: #333333;
}
#masthead #byline a:hover, #masthead #byline a:focus, #masthead .byline a:hover, #masthead .byline a:focus {
  color: #932919;
}
#masthead #byline a:active, #masthead .byline a:active {
  color: #3572a0;
}

/**
 * Primary Navbar
 * Contains primary actions for navigation or layout control
 */
#primary-navbar, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper {
  background: #ededed;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa;
  margin: 0;
  z-index: 200;
  height: 35.36px;
  font-family: "PT Serif", "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  /* Smoothly transition box-shadow when navbar sticks/unsticks */
  transition: box-shadow 400ms;
  overflow: hidden;
  *zoom: 1;
  /*
   * Styles applied to make the navbar persistently visible
   * when it's sticky-wrapper is stuck
   */
}
.stuck #primary-navbar, .stuck #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 2px 5px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar, .stuck #primary-navbar, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper, .stuck #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper {
    position: fixed;
    top: auto;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: #ededed;
    box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px -2px 5px;
    height: 44.2px;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button {
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  *vertical-align: auto;
  zoom: 1;
  *display: inline;
  /* Disable accidental text-selection */
  user-select: none;
  /* Truncate overflowing text with ellipsis */
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  transition-property: text-indent, background-color;
  transition-duration: 200ms;
  float: left;
  text-align: left;
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  /* subtract border and padding from width
   * so we can set width precisely as percent */
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 1em;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 35.36px;
  /* Override link properties */
  /* hover state */
  /* active/pressed state */
  /* Icon only at small screen sizes */
}
#primary-navbar .button:focus, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:focus {
  outline: thin dotted #333;
  outline-offset: -2px;
  /**
   * Remove stupid inner dotted border applied by Firefox on focus
   * See http://stackoverflow.com/a/199319/1599617
   */
}
#primary-navbar .button:active, #primary-navbar .button.active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.active {
  box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 2px 5px inset;
}
#primary-navbar .button, #primary-navbar .button:hover, #primary-navbar .button:focus, #primary-navbar .button:visited, #primary-navbar .button:link, #primary-navbar .button:active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:hover, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:focus, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:visited, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:link, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:active {
  text-decoration: none;
}
#primary-navbar .button, #primary-navbar .button:link, #primary-navbar .button:visited, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:link, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:visited {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #ededed;
}
#primary-navbar .button:hover, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:hover {
  background-color: #fafafa;
}
#primary-navbar .button.active, #primary-navbar .button:active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:active {
  background-color: #e0e0e0;
}
#primary-navbar .button.disabled, #primary-navbar .button.disabled:link, #primary-navbar .button.disabled:visited, #primary-navbar .button.disabled:hover, #primary-navbar .button.disabled:focus, #primary-navbar .button.disabled:active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.disabled, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.disabled:link, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.disabled:visited, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.disabled:hover, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.disabled:focus, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.disabled:active {
  opacity: .4;
  color: #333333;
  background: #ededed;
  cursor: default;
  box-shadow: none;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button {
    /*@include button-hide-text($navbar-icon-box-size);*/
    float: left;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 44.2px;
  }
  #primary-navbar .button.active, #primary-navbar .button:active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button.active, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button:active {
    /* Vertically flip shadow for lower navbar */
    box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 -2px 5px inset;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button {
  /* Do not display if has-sidebar-left is missing */
  display: none;
  /*On desktop screens, */
  padding: 0;
}
.has-sidebar-left #primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button, .has-sidebar-left #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button {
  display: block;
  width: 240px;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 801px) {
  #primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button.active,
  #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button.active {
    /* Show text if hidden and match sidebar width */
    text-indent: 0;
    width: 240px;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button:before,
#primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button:before {
  content: "\2630";
  aria-hidden="true";  /* not valid.  the hamburger shoudl appear in the source with this attr on its span */
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 2em;
  line-height: 0.9em;
/*
  line-height: 35.36px;
*/
  width: 1.4em;
  text-indent: 0;
  /* So text isn't removed from this too */
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  *vertical-align: auto;
  zoom: 1;
  *display: inline;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button,
  #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button {
    /* Disable ellipsis */
    white-space: normal;
    overflow: visible;
    text-overflow: clip;
    /* center the icon */
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    /* hide the text */
    text-indent: 110%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  #primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button:before,
  #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button:before {
    content: "\2630";
    aria-hidden=”true”;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 2.4em;
    line-height: 1.2em;
/*
    width: 44.2px;
*/
    text-indent: 0;
    /* So text isn't removed from this too */
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: auto;
    zoom: 1;
  }
  #primary-navbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button:before,
  #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-left-toggle-button:before {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    right: auto;
    margin-left: -22.1px;
    top: 50%;
    bottom: auto;
    margin-top: -22.1px;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .up-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .up-button {
  text-align: center;
}
#primary-navbar .up-button:before, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .up-button:before {
  content: "^";
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-family: "Open Sans";
/*
  line-height: 35.36px;
  width: 35.36px;
*/
  text-indent: 0;
  /* So text isn't removed from this too */
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .up-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .up-button {
    /* Disable ellipsis */
    white-space: normal;
    overflow: visible;
    text-overflow: clip;
    /* center the icon */
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    /* hide the text */
    text-indent: 110%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  #primary-navbar .up-button:before, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .up-button:before {
    font-size: 2em;
    line-height: 1.2em;
/*
    line-height: 44.2px;
*/
    width: 1.5em;
    padding-top: 5px;
    /* So text isn't removed from this too */
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    right: auto;
    margin-left: -22.1px;
    top: 50%;
    bottom: auto;
    margin-top: -22.1px;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .previous-button:before, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .previous-button:before {
  content: "<";
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-family: "Open Sans";

/*
  line-height: 35.36px;
  width: 55.36px;
*/
  text-indent: 0;
  /* So text isn't removed from this too */
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
  zoom: 1;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .previous-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .previous-button {
    /* Disable ellipsis */
    white-space: normal;
    overflow: visible;
    text-overflow: clip;
    /* center the icon */
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    /* hide the text */
    text-indent: 110%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  #primary-navbar .previous-button:before, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .previous-button:before {
    font-size: 2em;
    line-height: 1.0em;
/*
    line-height: 36px;
*/
    width: 2em;
    /* So text isn't removed from this too */
    padding-top: 5px;
    position: absolute;
    left: 55%;
    right: auto;
    margin-left: -22.1px;
    top: 50%;
    bottom: auto;
    margin-top: -22.1px;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .next-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .next-button {
  text-align: right;
}
#primary-navbar .next-button:after, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .next-button:after {
  content: ">";
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  font-family: "Open Sans";
/*
  line-height: 35.36px;
  width: 35.36px;
*/
  text-indent: 0;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
  /* So text isn't removed from this too */
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .next-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .next-button {
    /* Disable ellipsis */
    white-space: normal;
    overflow: visible;
    text-overflow: clip;
    /* center the icon */
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    /* hide the text */
    text-indent: 110%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  #primary-navbar .next-button:after, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .next-button:after {
    font-size: 2em;
    line-height: 1.0em;
/*
    line-height: 36px;
*/
    width: 2em;
    padding-top: 5px;
    padding-left: 5px;
    /* So text isn't removed from this too */
    position: absolute;
    left: 55%;
    right: auto;
    margin-left: -22.1px;
    top: 50%;
    bottom: auto;
    margin-top: -22.1px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .settings-button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .settings-button {
    /* Disable ellipsis */
    white-space: normal;
    overflow: visible;
    text-overflow: clip;
    /* center the icon */
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    /* hide the text */
    text-indent: 110%;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  #primary-navbar .settings-button:before, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .settings-button:before {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    right: auto;
    margin-left: -22.1px;
    top: 50%;
    bottom: auto;
    margin-top: -22.1px;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar, #primary-navbar .toolbar > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar .button, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .button {
  /* Use a left border */
  border: 1px solid #bababa;
  border-top: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-right: none;
  /* subtract border and padding from width
   * so we can set width precisely as percent */
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar {
  /**
   * Ensure adjacent borders do not double up
   * BEWARE: THERE BE DRAGONS HERE.
   */
  /*
   * Order is reversed when we float right
   * So we need to swap first and last on toolbar-item-children
   * BEWARE: THERE BE DRAGONS HERE.
   */
  /**
   * Make this item's bottom edge clear floated toolbar-items
   * so that our borders display correctly
   */
  overflow: hidden;
  *zoom: 1;
}

#primary-navbar .toolbar .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left .toolbar-item {
  float: left;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right .toolbar-item {
  float: right;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item {
  width: 100%;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item {
  width: 50%;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item {
  width: 33.33333%;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item {
  width: 25%;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item {
  width: 20%;
}

#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-left: none;
  border-right: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-left: none;
  border-right: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-left: none;
  border-right: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-left: none;
  border-right: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-left.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-left: none;
  border-right: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  border-left: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-1 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  border-left: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-2 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  border-left: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-3 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  border-left: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-4 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:first-child:last-child {
  border-right: none;
  border-left: 1px solid #bababa;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-align-right.toolbar-divisor-5 > .toolbar-item:last-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar:first-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar:first-child {
  border-left: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar:last-child, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
#primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-borderless, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-borderless > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-right, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-right > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-left, #primary-navbar .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-left > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-borderless, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-borderless > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-right, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-right > .toolbar-item, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-left, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .toolbar.toolbar-borderless.toolbar-align-left > .toolbar-item {
  border-left: none;
  border-right: none;
  border-top: none;
  border-bottom: none;
}
#primary-navbar .navbar-bottom-buttons, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .navbar-bottom-buttons {
  display: none;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .navbar-bottom-buttons, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .navbar-bottom-buttons {
    display: block;
  }
}
#primary-navbar .navbar-top-buttons, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .navbar-top-buttons {
  display: block;
}
/* The ">" because the GeoGebra calculator has a .toolbar */
.has-sidebar-left #primary-navbar .navbar-top-buttons > .toolbar, .has-sidebar-left #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .navbar-top-buttons > .toolbar {
  margin-left: 240px;
  border-right: 1px solid #bababa;
}
.has-sidebar-left #primary-navbar .navbar-top-buttons .toolbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button, .has-sidebar-left #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .navbar-top-buttons .toolbar .sidebar-left-toggle-button {
  width: 240px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  #primary-navbar .navbar-top-buttons, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper .navbar-top-buttons {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 1099px) {
  #primary-navbar#primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper, #primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper#primary-navbar-sticky-wrapper {
    height: 0;
  }
}

/**
 * Houses the page (everything that is not header or footer)
 */
.page {
  position: relative;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .page {
    /* Clip hidden sidebars */
    overflow: hidden;
  }
}

/**
 * These styles apply to the sidebar-left root,
 * whether it be the wrapper or the sidebar-left itself.
 * Note: The #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper is added by javascript on page load
 */
.page > #sidebar-left, #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper {
  /* Hide sidebar by default */
  display: none;
}
.has-sidebar-left .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper {
  display: block;
}
.has-sidebar-left .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  /* Default styles on load, before javascript loads */
  margin-left: 0;
  transition-property: margin-left;
  transition-duration: 400ms;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .has-sidebar-left .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper {
    /* Small */
    margin-left: -240px;
  }
}
.has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-open .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-open .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-open #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-open #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper {
  margin-left: 0;
}
.has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-closed .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-closed .page > #sidebar-left, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-closed #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-closed #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper {
  margin-left: -240px;
}
.page > #sidebar-left .sidebar-content, #sidebar-left-sticky-wrapper .sidebar-content {
  width: 240px;
}

#sidebar-left {
  /**
   * Trick webkit browers into generating a compositing layer for this
   * element so that we benefit from GPU acceleration.
   *
   * We config backface-visibility and perspective to improve performance
   * See: http://stackoverflow.com/a/10133679/1599617
   *
   * IMPORTANT: this will reset the coordinate context for child elements
   *            with fixed positioning.
   */
  transform: translateZ(0);
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  perspective: 1000;
}

.sidebar-content .extras {
  position: relative;
  border: 0.3125em solid #2b2b2b;
  border-left: none;
  border-right: none;
  border-bottom: none;
}
.sidebar-content .extras:before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 5px;
  top: -5px;
  margin-top: -0.3125em;
  background: linear-gradient(bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));
  z-index: 200;
  /*
   * Allow click/hover events to pass through on browsers that support it
   * We don't care too much about browsers that don't support since this
   * object is so small.
   */
  pointer-events: none;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  font-size: 14.56px;
  padding: 4.5px;
  padding-left: 0.25em;
  border: 1px solid #2b2b2b;
  border-right: none;
  border-left: none;
  border-top: none;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a, .sidebar-content .extras a:link, .sidebar-content .extras a:visited, .sidebar-content .extras a:hover, .sidebar-content .extras a:active, .sidebar-content .extras a.active {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a, .sidebar-content .extras a:link, .sidebar-content .extras a:visited {
  color: #d9d9d9;
  background: #454545;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a.active, .sidebar-content .extras a:active {
  color: white;
  background: #3d3d3d;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a:hover {
  color: white;
  background: #4d4d4d;
  border-color: #2b2b2b;
  /* Cover the previous items border-bottom with our top */
  margin-top: -1px;
  border-top: 1px solid #260b06;
  text-shadow: 0 -2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}
.sidebar-content .extras a:active:active, .sidebar-content .extras a:active.active {
  box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 2px 5px inset;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a:first-child {
  border-top: 1px solid #2b2b2b;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a:first-child:hover {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a:last-child {
  border-bottom-color: transparent;
}
.sidebar-content .extras a:last-child:hover {
  /* When we hover we want to show the last border */
  border-color: #333333;
}

/**
 * Container for the main focus/purpose of the page.
 */
.page > .main {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: white;
  /* side borders */
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  border-top: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 5px 5px;
  /***************************************************************************
   * There are a few ways to fix the #content's top/botom margin collapsing
   * inside this element.
   **************************************************************************/
  /* Method 1 */
  padding-top: 1px;
  padding-bottom: 6em;
  /* This feels more conclusive: the page is over. */
  /* Method 2 - will clip anything positioned absolutely outside borders */
  /*overflow:hidden;*/
  /* Method 3 - looks bad because of 1px break in left/right borders */
  /*border-top:1px solid transparent;*/
  /*border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;*/
  /**************************************************************************/
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .page > .main {
    /* Make space for navbar fixed to bottom of screen */
    padding-bottom: 35.36px;
  }
}
.page > .main #content {
  max-width: 600px;
  /* Default left */
  /*
      .layout-centered & {
          margin: $ui-content-margin auto;
      }
  */
}
.page > .main #content, .layout-left .page > .main #content {
  margin: 32px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 663px) {
  .page > .main #content, .layout-left .page > .main #content {
    /* Decrease the margins */
    margin: 30px 30px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 903px) {
  .sidebar-left-open .page > .main #content, .sidebar-left-open .layout-left .page > .main #content {
    /* Decrease the margins */
    margin: 30px 30px;
  }
}
.page > .main {
  /* Must be relative to support sidebar offsets */
  position: relative;
  width: auto;
  /*z-index:10;*/
  transition-duration: 400ms;
  /* Main with sidebar left without javascript*/
  /* Main with sidebar left open */
  /* Main with sidebar left closed */
  /* Main with sidebar left without javascript*/
  /* Main with sidebar left open */
  /* Main with sidebar left closed */
  /**
   * Trick webkit browers into generating a compositing layer for this
   * element so that we benefit from GPU acceleration.
   *
   * We config backface-visibility and perspective to improve performance
   * See: http://stackoverflow.com/a/10133679/1599617
   *
   * IMPORTANT: this will reset the coordinate context for child elements
   *            with fixed positioning.
   */
  transform: translateZ(0);
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  perspective: 1000;
}
.page > .main .has-sidebar-left {
  transition-property: margin-left, left;
}
.has-sidebar-left .page > .main {
  margin-left: 240px;
  left: auto;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .has-sidebar-left .page > .main {
    margin-left: 0;
    left: auto;
  }
}
.has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-open .page > .main, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-open .page > .main {
  margin-left: 240px;
  left: auto;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 640px) {
  .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-open .page > .main, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-open .page > .main {
    /* Must force other-side to auto so we can push from the right */
    right: -240px !important;
    left: 240px;
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}
.has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-closed .page > .main, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-closed .page > .main {
  margin-left: 0;
  left: auto;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 640px) {
  .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loading.sidebar-left-closed .page > .main, .has-sidebar-left.mathbook-loaded.sidebar-left-closed .page > .main {
    margin-left: 0;
    left: 0;
  }
}

/**
 * Container for main content.
 * This is bound to a comfortable max-width for reading.
 */
#content {
  max-width: 600px;
}
#content, .layout-left #content {
  margin: 32px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 663px) {
  #content, .layout-left #content {
    /* Decrease the margins */
    margin: 30px 30px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 903px) {
  .sidebar-left-open #content, .sidebar-left-open .layout-left #content {
    /* Decrease the margins */
    margin: 30px 30px;
  }
}

/*
 * Reposition MathJax loading message so it overlays content instead of navbar
 * when there is a toc.
 * To override, we must add body specificity.
 */
body.has-sidebar-left.sidebar-left-open #MathJax_Message {
  left: 248px;
}

/* Restyle MathJax loading message.
 * To override, must add body specificity.
 */
body #MathJax_Message {
  background: #fffbfa;
  color: #932919;
  border-color: #ffc1b8;
  border-radius: 0.3em;
  z-index: 1000;
  bottom: 8px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  body #MathJax_Message {
    /* Display above bottom navbar */
    left: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    bottom: 42.432px;
  }
}

.MathJax_Display {
  padding-top: 2px;
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  /*
   * Force margins MathJax_Display's to obey our vertical rhythm.
   * It won't be perfect, because their interior sizing will not match our
   * vertical rhythm, but we can at least make the margins match.
   */
  margin-top: 1.25em;
  margin-bottom: 1.25em;
  /**
   * Limit equations in medium layout if sidebar is open
   */
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .MathJax_Display {
    /* Allow users on smaller screens to scroll equations
     * horizontally when they don't fit on the screen
     */
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 703px) {
  .MathJax_Display {
    /*Allow users on smaller screens to scroll equations*/
    /*horizontally when they don't fit on the screen*/
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 943px) {
  .sidebar-left-open .MathJax_Display {
    /*Allow users on smaller screens to scroll equations*/
    /*horizontally when they don't fit on the screen*/
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
  }
}

/*******************************************************************************
 *
 * Authors: Michael DuBois, David Farmer, Rob Beezer
 *
 *******************************************************************************
 */