Democrats Are Trying to Disqualify Trans Candidates. Here's How.
Michigan's Joanna Whaley and Toni Mua faced Democratic primary challenges over their trans identities — echoing a national pattern
This article was originally published by Uncloseted Media.
Editor's note: Uncloseted Media is one of a growing number of independent, queer-led newsrooms doing the kind of sustained investigative work that national outlets often miss, and we like to spotlight that work when we can. This piece also hits close to home: Joanna Whaley and Toni Mua, two of the candidates featured here, ran in Michigan's Aug. 4 primary and were part of Pride Source's own election coverage this cycle. Seeing their races alongside similar fights in Ohio and Massachusetts shows this isn't a Michigan problem so much as a national pattern, and we wanted our readers to have that fuller picture.
Jordan Korgood has come a long way. In 2023, she says she ran into financial difficulties while studying at Northeastern University in Boston and ended up unhoused. Ordinary shelters are hotbeds of discrimination and mistreatment for trans women like her, and the only trans shelter was full. So for five months, she slept in her car, in public libraries and anywhere she could find in order to continue her studies and campus activism.
Korgood, now 24, started a bid in March for a seat on Massachusetts Governor's Council, a state board tasked with approving judicial candidates. Despite running against an incumbent who has been in office for 41 years, she secured key endorsements from local Democrats and racked up more than 7,000 Instagram followers, the equivalent of nearly one-tenth of primary voters during the last election cycle.
But last month, her momentum was ripped away. It started when Ronald Iacobucci, one of her opponents, noticed that she was still registered to vote in the 2024 election with an old New York address. He proceeded to file an objection with the state, alleging that Korgood didn't meet the five-year residency requirement. While Korgood has lived in Massachusetts since 2019, she didn't have a valid address to register in the state while she was unhoused. So she used her mother's address, where she had lived before moving.
In an email to Uncloseted Media, Iacobucci wrote "Because serious questions have arisen concerning compliance with those requirements, an objection was appropriate so the matter can be reviewed through the lawful process established by the Commonwealth. This objection was nothing personal, it was always about the integrity of the process."
While most residency challenges like this fail in Massachusetts, the State Ballot Law Commission disqualified Korgood on June 18. While she initially attempted to appeal the decision, the financial and logistical burden became too much — she estimates it drained about 40% of her campaign funds. So on July 10, Korgood suspended her campaign. She remains off the ballot for the Sept. 1 Massachusetts primary.
"I am incredibly frustrated that this is what I have to do at this point," Korgood told Uncloseted Media. "I've spent thousands of hours, I've sacrificed my own mental health, my social life, friendships, my professional aspirations and advancement to work on this campaign, and this is how they're ruling."
"These are cherry-picking remote issues to target specific individuals," Eliot Tracz, assistant professor of law at New England Law Boston, told Uncloseted Media. "They're legitimate laws, but what they're looking for is a selective application."
Korgood isn't the only trans candidate facing barriers. While a 2025 report by the LGBTQ+ Victory Institute found that transgender representation among elected officials has increased by more than 700% since 2017, candidates still face major hurdles.
Uncloseted Media found examples of transgender candidates running for public office in Ohio and Michigan who have been threatened with disqualification over challenges to their eligibility. Often, the challenges come from their primary opponents: fellow Democrats.
"It should be voters, not political opponents, who decide who represents them," Daniel Hernandez, vice president of political programs at the LGBTQ+ Victory Fund, a nonprofit supporting queer candidates for public office, told Uncloseted Media. "This is not a legitimate way to fight — if you have a disagreement on policy, that's one thing, but to try and target trans people just because of who they are is completely unacceptable, especially in a Democratic primary."
A growing strategy
The first widely publicized eligibility challenge against a trans candidate Uncloseted Media identified took place in Stark County, Ohio, in 2024. The Stark County Board of Elections, which has the same chairman as the county's Democratic Party, disqualified Vanessa Joy, a trans woman who was running for a seat in the state legislature. The board cited an obscure state law requiring candidates who changed their name in the last five years to list their former name on candidacy petitions — in Joy's case, her deadname.
"The original spirit of the law I kind of agree with," Joy told Uncloseted Media. "But there's hardly any information about this law ever being enforced."
Days later, Arienne Childrey and Bobbie Arnold, two other trans candidates, had their eligibility challenged based on this law. While both candidates were cleared to run, that wasn't the case for Joy, who never made it on the ballot. Childrey and Arnold each went on to lose their 2024 general election races to Republican incumbents; Childrey has since been appointed to the St. Marys City Council, becoming the first trans woman to hold an Ohio city council seat.
Tom Sutton, a political science professor at Baldwin Wallace University, told Spectrum News 1 he had never seen this law enforced in his 30 years of study. At the time, the relevant forms didn't include a space to list former names, an omission that has since been corrected.
"The only way to find out about it was to dig deep into all of the additional documents on their website," Joy says. "They used this law against me."
Similar challenges cropped up in Michigan this year. Joanna Whaley, a trans woman who ran for a seat representing Michigan's 2nd House District — covering Downriver Detroit communities including Lincoln Park, Allen Park, Melvindale and Southgate — faced a legal complaint from her Democratic primary opponent Frank Liberati, who claimed in April that she should have filed campaign paperwork under her deadname.
"Because both the original and amended affidavits of identity filed by 'Joanna Michelle Whaley' contain FALSE statements, she/he cannot be certified to appear on the August 4, 2026 primary election ballot," the complaint argues.
The county clerk denied the challenge, which deadnames Whaley, because she had legally changed her name. Liberati's complaint was widely condemned, with the Michigan Legislative LGBTQ+ Caucus calling it "meritless" and "transphobic."
"It completely backfired on him," Whaley told Uncloseted Media. "We tripled our cash on hand within a week because of the support that we've gotten from our community, and actually are in a stronger position now to win this race."
Whaley went on to win the Aug. 4 primary, taking about 66% of the vote to Liberati's 34%. She now faces Republican Ron Kokinda in the heavily Democratic district in November, and is favored to become Michigan's first out transgender lawmaker.
While Whaley benefited from the challenge, that's not the norm. Toni Mua, a trans woman who was running in the Aug. 4 primary for Michigan's 9th House District — a majority-Black seat covering parts of Detroit — received a complaint from political activist Robert Davis in April who alleged that she also should have run under her deadname. Mua did not advance past the primary.
One of Mua's opponents, Democrat Arthur Harrington, had discussed the challenge with Davis before it was filed, according to DeNiro Jones, Harrington's former campaign manager. Jones told Uncloseted Media he sat in on a meeting between the two where they discussed the plan.
Jones also sent Uncloseted Media a screenshot of what he says is a text thread that Harrington sent him. In the screenshot, Davis tells Harrington, "The transgender candidate will be eliminated," and Harrington responds that "Toni also won't have the money to fight it." Those texts were from April 22, two days before Davis filed the challenge.
In an email to Uncloseted Media, Davis called this story "baseless and meritless" and referred to Mua as "an illegitimate candidate seeking attention."
"A candidate who happens to identify as transgender clearly violated Michigan Election Law and should not have been allowed to appear on the ballot," Davis wrote. "A person's sexual orientation nor identity played no part in the litigation seeking to have the person who filed a false affidavit of identity properly removed from the ballot."
Arthur Harrington did not reply to multiple requests for comment. But in a June statement to Michigan Advance, he denied allegations that he was involved in Davis' challenge.
These legal fights cost a lot. Korgood paid her lawyer $5,000. And while Mua defeated her challenge, she also had to use an estimated 40% of her campaign funds, or $10,000, to fight it.
In its opinion rejecting Davis' challenge of Mua's candidacy, the state court of appeals wrote, "Plaintiff misreads the statute ... The Court of Claims did not err by concluding that Mua complied with the law or that the Wayne County Clerk did not err in rejecting plaintiff's challenge."
Quinn Allred, executive director at Let Us Lead, a youth-focused voting rights nonprofit, finds these eligibility challenges from Democrats "despicable."
"Instead of saying 'trans people shouldn't be running,' [they're entering] into this respectability politics and saying 'oh, it's actually because the names don't match up, or it's because of this residency law,'" Allred told Uncloseted Media. "[It's a] special brand of cowardice that it takes for a Democrat to target a queer person who is also running for office."
Uneven enforcement
While challenges to candidates' residency aren't uncommon in Massachusetts, they usually fail, according to Western Mass Politics & Insight, a long-running blog by local political and legal analysts.
The blog says most officials with authority over elections have a "great reluctance ... to remove an individual from the ballot." This makes Korgood's removal unusual.
And while the State Ballot Law Commission says it considers many factors when determining a candidate's residency and "no factor standing alone can be dispositive," it largely cited Korgood's voter registration in its decision despite other evidence that supports her eligibility, including apartment leases and membership in city programs.
"While there's an undertone of legitimacy to some of those claims, it's very selective," Tracz says. "Most of us, when we move to a new state, don't bother to go through the process of getting rid of our registration to vote in the prior state."
Throughout history, Massachusetts candidates who faced similar challenges have been left on the ballot. These include former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, who received a tax credit in Utah reserved for primary residences, and Brockton, Massachusetts, mayoral candidate Hamilton Rodrigues, who had gotten his voter registration in Brockton removed and hadn't voted in the city for more than 10 years.
Months after Joy's disqualification in Ohio, the Mahoning County Board of Elections struck down a similar challenge against Republican Tex Fischer, a cisgender man who changed his legal name. They allowed him to stay on the ballot.
Tracz says a judge would likely find selective enforcement like this questionable.
"[That rule is] applicable to any candidate, and the question then becomes 'Is this only being enforced against a select group of candidates?'" he says. "Why are we only investigating a specific type of candidate? I think that will give some courts pause."
Making existing challenges worse
Trans candidates face hurdles beyond eligibility challenges. A June report from the LGBTQ+ Victory Institute found that nearly two-thirds of LGBTQ+ candidates face in-person harassment and nearly 80% of them face online harassment.
"Whether it's threats of violence, coordinated harassment campaigns, attempts to remove people from the ballot, the cumulative effect is the same: public service becoming more difficult and less accessible to the LGBTQ community," Hernandez says.
As she was navigating her primary election campaign, Whaley said the increased attention from Liberati's challenge brought even more harassment her way. She said she reported death threats to the police weekly and had a security detail at every public appearance. Security became her second-largest campaign expense, and for good reason — in October, her team intervened when a man wearing a Make America Great Again hat followed her around with a gun at a No Kings rally.
"At the end of the day, I want to get home to tuck my kids in bed," Whaley said. "We could be using that money for other things, but we're having to use it to just keep me alive."
Eligibility challenges distract from the candidates' policies. Childrey remembers one woman telling her she couldn't vote for her because she's "only about the rainbow people."
"Most of what [I'm] talking about is affordability, funding for our public schools ... bread and butter issues," Childrey told Uncloseted Media. "There is an assumption, because we're trans, that that's all it is."
Barriers also pile up intersectionally. Nearly one-third of trans people experience homelessness at some point in their lives, a rate eight times higher than the general population. This means barriers for unhoused people disproportionately affect trans candidates.
"Trans youth, trans people of color, students, those who are unhoused like [Korgood] was, or who are disabled or low-income — those barriers only compound," Allred says.
What could change?
Zein Murib, a political science professor at Fordham University, says these incidents demonstrate the need for more leniency with official documentation, arguing that a candidate's deadname or legal sex aren't relevant information. Today, 45 states accept common-law names, or the name a person uses in everyday life regardless of their ID, for other legal procedures, and Whaley says this should apply to campaigns as well.
Besides these policy changes, Allred says LGBTQ+ advocacy groups should allocate more funds to defend trans candidates from eligibility challenges. And Hernandez says more people should condemn these tactics and show support for those targeted.
"We need to make sure that we set the expectation that everyone ... is rejecting these tactics that are disproportionately burdening our trans candidates," he says. "We have to call it out when we see it, and we have to make sure that we are not just letting candidates fight these fights themselves."
While Korgood says she is saddened by this outcome, she doesn't intend for her political career to end.
"I'm incredibly proud of what we were able to accomplish, and while I am beyond disappointed and frustrated that this is how this is ending, I am so grateful that I earned the support and the attention of thousands of people in this race."
Uncloseted Media also reached out to the Stark and Mahoning County Boards of Elections as well as the office of the Secretary of State in Ohio. None replied. Uncloseted Media also attempted to reach out to the Massachusetts State Ballot Law Commission but was unable to obtain their contact information prior to publication.
Read the original story at Uncloseted Media
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