Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep;36(3):752-768.
doi: 10.1111/scs.13037. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

The challenging journey from trauma to post-traumatic growth: Lived experiences of facilitating and hindering factors

Affiliations

The challenging journey from trauma to post-traumatic growth: Lived experiences of facilitating and hindering factors

Hulda S Bryngeirsdottir et al. Scand J Caring Sci. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Background: Many people experience psychological trauma during their lifetime, often negatively affecting their mental and physical health. Post-traumatic growth is a positive psychological change that may occur in an individual after having processed and coped with trauma. This journey, however, has not been studied enough.

Aim: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore people's experience of suffering psychological trauma, the personal effects of the trauma and the transition from trauma to post-traumatic growth.

Methods: A purposeful sample of seven women and five men, aged 34-52, were selected whose backgrounds and history of trauma varied, but who had all experienced post-traumatic growth. One to two interviews were conducted with each one, in all 14 interviews.

Results: This study introduces a unique mapping of the challenging journey from trauma to post-traumatic growth through lived experiences of people who have experienced trauma as well as post-traumatic growth. Participants had different trauma experience, but their suffering shaped them all as persons and influenced their wellbeing, health and view of life. Participants described post-traumatic growth as a journey, rather than a destination. There was a prologue to their journey which some described as a hindering factor while others felt it was a good preparation for post-traumatic growth, i.e. to overcome difficulties at an early age. Participants described six main influencing factors on their post-traumatic growth, both facilitating and hindering ones. They also described the positive personal changes they had undergone when experiencing post-traumatic growth even though the epilogue also included heavy days. A new theoretical definition of post-traumatic growth was constructed from the findings.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the journey to post-traumatic growth includes a recovery process and certain influencing factors that must be considered. This information has implications for professionals treating and supporting people who have suffered traumas.

Keywords: phenomenology; post-traumatic growth; psychosocial nursing; public health; qualitative approaches; qualitative interviews; rehabilitation; trauma.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest, or non‐financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The research process of doing phenomenology in the Vancouver School [Modified figure from Halldorsdottir, S. (2000)[, p. 56]. Used with permission]. This cycle is repeated in every of the 12 steps of the Vancouver School
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The journey towards post‐traumatic growth

References

    1. Balhareth A, AlDuhileb MA, Aldulaijan FA, Aldossary MY. Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on residency and fellowship training programs in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross‐sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2020;57:127–32. 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.025 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Boals A, Riggs SA, Kraha A. Coping with stressful or traumatic events: what aspects of trauma reactions are associated with health outcomes? Stress Health. 2013;29:156–63. 10.1002/smi.2443 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Brown RC, Berenz EC, Aggen SH, Gardner CO, Knudsen GP, Reichborn‐Kjennerud T, et al. Trauma exposure and axis I psychopathology: a co‐twin control analysis in norwegian young adults. Psychol Trauma. 2014;6:652–60. 10.1037/a0034326 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Contractor AA, Weiss NH, Natesan Batley P, Elhai JD. Clusters of trauma types as measured by the life events checklist for DSM–5. Int J Stress Manag. 2020;27:380–93. 10.1037/str0000179 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dar MA, Wani RA, Margoob MA, Hussain A, Rather YH, Chandel RK, et al. Trauma and traumatic stress: The long‐term effects of childhood traumatic stress. MJP. 2014;23. Retrieved from http://www.mjpsychiatry.org/index.php/mjp/article/viewFile/327/240

LinkOut - more resources