A selective alpha-2 agonist medetomidine, a selective alpha-2 antagonist atipamezole and lidocaine were injected into the prefrontal cortex of aged rats that had been trained to perform a delayed alternation (DA) task in a T maze. Medetomidine at the dose of 0.01 microgram/microliter improved the memory task performance in four of five rats. The fifth rat improved its performance at the dose of 1.0 microgram/microliter. Atipamezole did not have any effect on the task performance. The effect of a systemic dose of medetomidine (3 micrograms/kg), which was previously shown to improve the task performance in old rats, was reversed by an intracortical injection of atipamezole. Lidocaine impaired the DA performance significantly. The results suggest that the beneficial effects of medetomidine on the working memory of old rats are mediated at least partly through the prefrontal cortex.