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The following command not only find you the top 50 largest files (>100M) on your filesystem, but also sort (GNU sort) by the biggest:

find / -xdev -type f -size +100M -exec du -sh {} ';' | sort -rh | head -n50

-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems.

^{On BSD find use -x which is equivalent to the deprecated -xdev primary.}

For all files and directories, it's even easier:

du -ahx / | sort -rh | head -20

(the -x flag is what's required to constrain du to a single filesystem)

If you're not using GNU sort (from coreutils), use it without -h:

du -ax / | sort -rn | head -20

For currently directory only (for quicker results), replace / with ..