C++ Operator Precedence
From cppreference.com
The following table lists the precedence and associativity of C++ operators. Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence.
| Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ::
| Scope resolution | Left-to-right |
| 2 | ++ --
| Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | |
()
| Function call | ||
[]
| Array subscripting | ||
.
| Element selection by reference | ||
−>
| Element selection through pointer | ||
typeid()
| Run-time type information (see typeid) | ||
const_cast
| Type cast (see const_cast) | ||
dynamic_cast
| Type cast (see dynamic_cast) | ||
reinterpret_cast
| Type cast (see reinterpret_cast) | ||
static_cast
| Type cast (see static_cast) | ||
| 3 | ++ --
| Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ −
| Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~
| Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type)
| Type cast | ||
*
| Indirection (dereference) | ||
&
| Address-of | ||
sizeof
| Size-of | ||
new, new[]
| Dynamic memory allocation | ||
delete, delete[]
| Dynamic memory deallocation | ||
| 4 | .* ->*
| Pointer to member | Left-to-right |
| 5 | * / %
| Multiplication, division, and remainder | |
| 6 | + −
| Addition and subtraction | |
| 7 | << >>
| Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
| 8 | < <=
| For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >=
| For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
| 9 | == !=
| For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
| 10 | &
| Bitwise AND | |
| 11 | ^
| Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
| 12 | |
| Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
| 13 | &&
| Logical AND | |
| 14 | ||
| Logical OR | |
| 15 | ?:
| Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
| 16 | =
| Direct assignment (provided by default for C++ classes) | |
+= −=
| Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %=
| Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>=
| Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |=
| Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
| 17 | throw
| Throw operator (exceptions throwing) | |
| 18 | ,
| Comma | Left-to-right |
When parsing an expression, an operator which is listed on some row will be bound tighter (as if by parentheses) to its arguments than any operator that is listed on a row further below it. For example, the expressions std::cout<<a&b and *p++ are parsed as (std::cout<<a)&b and *(p++), and not as std::cout<<(a&b) or (*p)++.
Operators that are in the same cell (there may be several rows of operators listed in a cell) are evaluated with the same precedence, in the given direction. For example, the expression a=b=c is parsed as a=(b=c), and not as (a=b)=c because of right-to-left associativity.
An operator's precedence is unaffected by overloading.
[edit] See also
Order of evaluation of operator arguments at run time.
