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The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20180104143049/http://www.jhauser.us/arithmetic/TestFloat.html
Berkeley TestFloat
Berkeley TestFloat is a small collection of programs for testing whether an
implementation of binary floating-point conforms to the IEEE Standard for
Floating-Point Arithmetic.
All operations required by the original 1985 version of the IEEE Standard can
be tested, except for conversions to and from decimal.
With the current release, the following binary formats can be tested:
16-bit half-precision, 32-bit single-precision,
64-bit double-precision, 80-bit
double-extended-precision, and/or 128-bit quadruple-precision.
TestFloat cannot test decimal floating-point.
TestFloat performs relatively simple tests designed to check the fundamental
soundness of a floating-point implementation.
All of the modes and special cases of the IEEE Standard are tested.
However, TestFloat is not especially good at testing difficult rounding cases
for divisions and square roots.
It also makes no attempt to find bugs specific to SRT division and the like
(such as the infamous Pentium division bug).
Pointers to software that tests for such failures are provided later on this
page.
TestFloat works by comparing the behavior of the floating-point under test with
that of the Berkeley SoftFloat software
implementation of floating-point.
Any differences found are reported as probable errors in the floating-point
being tested.
It is the responsibility of the user to verify that the discrepencies TestFloat
finds actually represent faults in the floating-point being tested.
Unfortunately, TestFloat’s output is not easily interpreted.
Detailed knowledge of the IEEE Standard is required to use TestFloat
responsibly.
TestFloat is distributed in the form of ISO/ANSI C source code and should be
compilable with almost any ISO-compliant C compiler.
Using the GNU C Compiler (gcc), the TestFloat programs have been
compiled and run on several platforms.
To test a new floating-point implementation, some additional code will likely
be needed for invoking the new floating-point.
Since Release 3, TestFloat has depended on the existence of a
64-bit integer type in C.
If the C compiler used to compile TestFloat does not support
64-bit integers, it is still possible to use the older
Release 2c to test the two most common formats,
32-bit single-precision and 64-bit double-precision,
but not the other formats.
Release 3d
Release 3 was a complete rewrite of TestFloat, funded by the
University of California, Berkeley.
Paralleling the upgrades in Release 3 of SoftFloat, the matching
release of TestFloat added the abilities to test conversions between
floating-point and unsigned integers (both 32-bit and
64-bit) and fused multiply-add operations.
Unlike earlier versions, Release 3 and later have a U.C. Berkeley
open-source license (specified in the documentation).
The current version of TestFloat is Release 3d (2017 August).
This version differs from earlier releases 3b and 3c in only minor
ways.
Compared to the original Release 3, the main upgrade of
Release 3b was the ability to test 16-bit
half-precision, while Release 3c added the option to test the
rarely used rounding mode round to odd, also known as jamming.
The latest release modifies the code for testing C arithmetic to include the
ability to test library functions sqrtf, sqrtl,
fmaf, fma, and fmal.
If you have been successfully using an earlier release of TestFloat, you may
not need to upgrade to this release.
However, you may still want to upgrade your version of
SoftFloat to Release 3d at least,
because earlier versions were found to have bugs in several of the square root
functions.
More information about Berkeley TestFloat Release 3d is in the
following files from the TestFloat package:
The following archive contains all source code and documentation for
Release 3d:
The older Releases 3a through 3c are still available here:
Release 2c
For those who may need it, TestFloat versions preceding Release 3
have been updated to Release 2c (2015 January).
The only changes in this release compared to the earlier Release 2a are these:
-
Some bugs are fixed that affected correct compilation for some
64-bit processors only.
-
The documentation has been improved in minor ways.
-
The restrictions on legal use have been clarified (not applicable to
Release 3 or later).
If you have been successfully using TestFloat Release 2a on a
32-bit processor (or compiled as though for a 32-bit
processor), you probably do not need to download this release.
Dependence on Berkeley SoftFloat
TestFloat requires Berkeley SoftFloat, which is not included in the TestFloat
archive.
![[]](https://cdn.statically.io/img/web.archive.org/web/20180104143049im_/http://www.jhauser.us/arithmetic/icon-link.gif) |
Berkeley SoftFloat is a free, high-quality
software implementation of binary floating-point that conforms to the IEEE
Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic.
|
Testing SoftFloat
The TestFloat package includes a testsoftfloat program solely for
testing SoftFloat.
SoftFloat is tested by comparing it against yet another, different software
floating-point that is simpler and also slower than SoftFloat.
Although one can’t be completely certain that the other floating-point is
correct either, it’s unlikely that it would make exactly the same
mistakes as SoftFloat.
Any unexpected discrepancies between the two floating-points are flagged as
probable errors in one or the other.
Other software for testing floating-point
|
The UCBTEST suite includes programs for testing the rounding of
multiplication, division, and square roots, and also for testing the accuracy
of elementary transcendental functions.
UCBTEST can be found in the
NetLib Repository,
under the
fp
(floating-point) directory.
|
|
W. Kahan
at U.C. Berkeley has made a few test programs available on the Web, notably the
SRTEST
program for testing SRT division.
|
|
Fred Tydeman
(Tydeman Consulting) provides the C99 FPCE Test Suite and several other
programs for testing the floating-point compliance of C and C++ compilers and
libraries.
|
Credit and contacts
Berkeley TestFloat was written by me,
John R. Hauser.
Funding for the development of TestFloat Release 3 and later was
provided indirectly by portions of grants to U.C. Berkeley from Microsoft,
Intel, DARPA, Nokia, NVIDIA, Oracle, Samsung, and Google, and by a portion of a
U.C. Discovery Grant.
The TestFloat documentation has more details.
Bugs in TestFloat and other comments can be reported to me at
jh@jhauser.us.
John Hauser,
2017 August 18
