C# | Using foreach loop in arrays
C# language provides several techniques to read a collection of items. One of which is foreach loop. The foreach loop provides a simple, clean way to iterate through the elements of an collection or an array of items. One thing we must know that before using foreach loop we must declare the array or the collections in the program. Because the foreach loop can only iterate any array or any collections which previously declared. We cannot print a sequence of number or character using foreach loop like for loop, see below:
for(i = 0; i <= 10; i++) // we cannot use foreach loop in this way to print 1 to 10 // to print 1 to 10 using foreach loop we need to declare // an array or a collection of size 10 and a variable that // can hold 1 to 10 integer
Syntax of foreach Loop:
foreach (Data_Type variable_name in Collection_or_array_Object_name)
{
//body of foreach loop
}
// here "in" is a keyword
Here Data_Type is a data-type of the variable and variable_name is the variable which will iterate the loop condition (for example, for(int i=0; i<10;i++), here i is equivalent to variable_name). The in keyword used in foreach loop to iterate over the iterable-item(which is here the array or the collections). The in keyword selects an item from the iterable-item or the array or collection on each iteration and store it in the variable(here variable_name). Example 1: Below is the implementation of the "for" and "foreach" loop using arrays
// C# program to show the use of
// "for" loop and "foreach" loop
using System;
class GFG {
// Main Method
public static void Main()
{
// initialize the array
char[] arr = {'G', 'e', 'e', 'k', 's',
'f', 'o', 'r', 'G', 'e',
'e', 'k', 's'};
Console.Write("Array printing using for loop = ");
// simple "for" loop
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
Console.Write(arr[i]);
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write("Array printing using foreach loop = ");
// "foreach" loop
// "ch" is the variable
// of type "char"
// "arr" is the array
// which is going to iterates
foreach(char ch in arr)
{
Console.Write(ch);
}
}
}
Output
Array printing using for loop = GeeksforGeeks Array printing using foreach loop = GeeksforGeeks
Time Complexity: O(N), here N is number of characters in array(arr).
Auxiliary Space: O(1), since no extra space used.
Example 2: Traversing of an array using "foreach" loop
// C# program to traverse an
// array using "foreach" loop
using System;
class GFG {
// Main Method
public static void Main()
{
char[] s = {'1', '4', '3', '1',
'4', '3', '1', '4',
'3'};
int m = 0, n = 0, p = 0;
// here variable "g" is "char" type
//'g' iterates through array "s"
// and search for the numbers
// according to below conditions
foreach(char g in s)
{
if (g == '1')
m++;
else if (g == '4')
n++;
else
p++;
}
Console.WriteLine("Number of '1' = {0}", m);
Console.WriteLine("Number of '4' = {0}", n);
Console.WriteLine("Number of '3' = {0}", p);
}
}
Output
Number of '1' = 3 Number of '4' = 3 Number of '3' = 3
Note: At anywhere within the scope of foreach loop, we can break out of the loop by using the break keyword, and can also go to the next iteration in the loop by using the continue keyword. Example: Using "continue" and "break" keyword in foreach loop
// C# program to demonstrate the use
// of continue and break statement
// in foreach loop
using System;
class GFG {
// Main Method
public static void Main()
{
// initialize the array
int[] arr = {1, 3, 7, 5, 8,
6, 4, 2, 12};
Console.WriteLine("Using continue:");
foreach(int i in arr)
{
if (i == 7)
continue;
// here the control skips the next
// line if the "i" value is 7
// this line executed because
// of the "if" condition
Console.Write(i + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Using break:");
foreach(int i in arr)
{
if(i == 7)
// here if i become 7 then it will
// skip all the further looping
// statements
break;
Console.Write(i +" ");
}
}
}
Output
Using continue: 1 3 5 8 6 4 2 12 Using break: 1 3
Time Complexity: O(N), here N is number of characters in array(arr).
Auxiliary Space: O(1), since no extra space used.
