jQuery | Traversing

Last Updated : 16 Mar, 2022

In jQuery, traversing means moving through or over the HTML elements to find, filter or select a particular or entire element. Based on the traversing purposes following methods are Categorized as follows: Tree Traversing: Ancestors:

parent() it gives parent element of specified selector Syntax:
```
$(selector).parent();
```
parents() it gives all ancestor elements of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).parents();
```

parentsUntil() it gives all ancestor elements between specified selector and arguments. Syntax:

$(selector).parentsUntil(selector, filter element)

$(selector).parentsUntil(element, filter element)

offsetParent() it gives the first positioned parent element of specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).offsetParent();
```

closest() it gives the first ancestor of the specified selector. Syntax:

$(selector).closest(selector);

$(selector).closest(selector, context);

$(selector).closest(selection);

$(selector).closest(element);

Descendants:

children() it gives the children of each selected elements, optionally filtered by a selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).children();
```
find() it gives descendant elements of specified elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element. Syntax:
```
$(selector).find('selector to find');
```

Siblings:

siblings() it gives all siblings of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).siblings();
```
next() it gives the next sibling element of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).next();
```
nextAll() it gives all next sibling elements of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).nextAll();
```
nextUntil() it gives all next sibling elements between specified selector and arguments. Syntax:
```
$(selector).nextUntil();
```
prev() it gives the previous sibling element of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).prev(selector);
```
```
$(selector).prev()
```

prevAll() it gives all previous sibling elements of the specified selector. Syntax:

$(selector).prevAll(selector, filter element)

$(selector).prevAll(element, filter element)

prevUntil() it gives all previous sibling elements between specified selector and arguments. Syntax:
```
$(selector).prevUntil(selector, filter element)
```
```
$(selector).prevUntil(element, filter element)
```

Filtering

first() it gives the first element of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).first();
```
last() it gives the last element of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).last();
```
eq() it gives an element with a specific index number of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).eq(index);
```
```
$(selector).eq( indexFromEnd );
```

filter() it remove/detect an elements that are matched with specified selector. Syntax:

$(selector).filter(selector)

$(selector).filter(function)

$(selector).filter(selection)

$(selector).filter(elements)

has() it gives all elements that have one or more elements within, that are matched with specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).has(selector);
```
is() it checks if one of the specified selector is matched with arguments. Syntax:
```
.is( selector )
```
```
.is( function )
```
```
.is( selection )
```
```
.is( elements )
```
map() Pass each element in the current matched set through a function, producing a new jQuery object containing the return values Syntax:
```
.map( callback )
```
slice() it selects a subset of specified selector based on its argument index or by start and stop value. Syntax:
```
$(selector).slice(start, end );
```
```
$(selector).slice(start);
```

Miscellaneous Traversing

add() it add all elements to set of matched elements to manipulate them at the same time. Syntax:
```
$(selector).add(selector to add);
```
addBack() it add the previous set of elements on the stack to the current set, optionally filtered by a selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).addBack();
```
andSelf() Deprecated 1.8 which is alias of addBack(). Syntax:
```
$(selector).addSelf();
```
contents() it gives all direct children, including text and comment nodes, of the specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).contents();
```
not() it gives all elements that do not match with specified selector. Syntax:
```
$(selector).not(selector);
```
end() it is most recent filtering operation in the current chain and return the set of matched elements to its previous state and it doesn't accept any arguments. Syntax:
```
$(selector).each(callback function);
```

Collection Manipulation

each() it iterates over the DOM elements and execute call back function

Example 1:

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <style>
        .siblings * {
            display: block;
            border: 2px solid lightgrey;
            color: lightgrey;
            padding: 5px;
            margin: 15px;
        }
    </style>
    <script src=
"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js">
  </script>
    <script>
        $(document).ready(function() {
            $("h2").siblings().css({
                "color": "red",
                "border": "2px solid red"
            });
            $("h2").parent().css({
                "color": "green",
                "border": "2px solid blue"
            });
            $("p").first().css(
              "background-color", "yellow");
            $("p").has("span").css(
              "background-color", "indigo");

        });
    </script>
</head>

<body class="siblings">

    <div>GeeksforGeeks (parent)
        <p>GeeksforGeeks</p>
        <p><span>GeeksforGeeks</span></p>
        <h2>GeeksforGeeks</h2>
        <h3>GeeksforGeeks</h3>
        <p>GeeksforGeeks</p>
    </div>

</body>

</html>

Output:

Example 2:

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
        p {
            color: grey;
            margin: 10px;
            padding: 10px;
        }
        
        form {
            margin: 10px;
            padding: 10px;
        }
        
        #article b {
            color: blue;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
        
        label {
            color: green;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    </style>
    <script src=
"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js">
    </script>
</head>

<body>

    <p><em>Hello</em>GeeksforGeeks</p>
    <p id="article"><b>Article Info: </b></p>
    <form>
        <label>Article Title:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="article" 
               value="jQuery | 
                     Traversing Example 2" />
        <br>
        <br>
        <label>Author:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="author"
               value="Vignesh" />
        <br>
        <br>
        <label>Author's Email id:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="author" 
               value="vignesh@gmail.com" />
        <br>
        <br>
        <label>Website:</label>
        <input type="text" 
               name="url"
               value="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/" />
        <br>
        <br>
    </form>

    <script>
        $("#article")
            .append($("input").map(function() {
                    return $(this).val();
                })
                .get()
                .join(", "));
    </script>
    <script>
        $("p")
            .find("em")
            .end()
            .css("border", "2px red solid");
    </script>

</body>

</html>