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Graphics3D
  • See Also
    • Show
    • Plot3D
    • ListPlot3D
    • ParametricPlot3D
    • RegionPlot3D
    • ContourPlot3D
    • ListContourPlot3D
    • Graphics
    • DiscretizeGraphics
    • BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics
    • Printout3D

    • Formats
    • PLY
    • STL
    • X3D

    • Front End Tokens
    • Import
  • Related Guides
    • Symbolic Graphics Language
    • Solid Geometry
    • Polygons
    • Polyhedra
    • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
  • Workflows
    • Make a 3D Printout
    • Control Interactive Content with a Gamepad
  • Tech Notes
    • The Structure of Graphics
    • Interactive Graphics3D Interaction
    • See Also
      • Show
      • Plot3D
      • ListPlot3D
      • ParametricPlot3D
      • RegionPlot3D
      • ContourPlot3D
      • ListContourPlot3D
      • Graphics
      • DiscretizeGraphics
      • BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics
      • Printout3D

      • Formats
      • PLY
      • STL
      • X3D

      • Front End Tokens
      • Import
    • Related Guides
      • Symbolic Graphics Language
      • Solid Geometry
      • Polygons
      • Polyhedra
      • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
    • Workflows
      • Make a 3D Printout
      • Control Interactive Content with a Gamepad
    • Tech Notes
      • The Structure of Graphics
      • Interactive Graphics3D Interaction

Graphics3D[primitives,options]

represents a three-dimensional graphical image.

Details and Options
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Primitives  
Directives  
Coordinates  
Lighting and Camera  
Options  
AlignmentPoint  
AspectRatio  
Axes  
Show More Show More
AxesEdge  
AxesLabel  
AxesStyle  
Background  
BaselinePosition  
BaseStyle  
Boxed  
BoxRatios  
BoxStyle  
ClipPlanes  
ClipPlanesStyle  
Epilog  
FaceGrids  
FaceGridsStyle  
FormatType  
ImageMargins  
ImagePadding  
ImageSize  
LabelStyle  
Lighting  
Method  
"AxesDuringInteraction"  
"ConePoints"  
"CylinderPoints"  
"EdgeDepthOffset"  
"InvertSurfaceNormals"  
"OneLayer"  
"PerFragmentLighting"  
"RelieveDPZFighting"  
"RotationControl"  
"RotationMode"  
"ShrinkWrap"  
"SpherePoints"  
"SplinePoints"  
"TubePoints"  
PlotLabel  
PlotRange  
PlotRangePadding  
PlotRegion  
Prolog  
SphericalRegion  
Ticks  
TicksStyle  
ViewAngle  
ViewCenter  
ViewMatrix  
ViewPoint  
ViewRange  
ViewVector  
ViewVertical  
Properties & Relations  
Neat Examples  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Workflows
Related Links
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • Show
    • Plot3D
    • ListPlot3D
    • ParametricPlot3D
    • RegionPlot3D
    • ContourPlot3D
    • ListContourPlot3D
    • Graphics
    • DiscretizeGraphics
    • BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics
    • Printout3D

    • Formats
    • PLY
    • STL
    • X3D

    • Front End Tokens
    • Import
  • Related Guides
    • Symbolic Graphics Language
    • Solid Geometry
    • Polygons
    • Polyhedra
    • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
  • Workflows
    • Make a 3D Printout
    • Control Interactive Content with a Gamepad
  • Tech Notes
    • The Structure of Graphics
    • Interactive Graphics3D Interaction
    • See Also
      • Show
      • Plot3D
      • ListPlot3D
      • ParametricPlot3D
      • RegionPlot3D
      • ContourPlot3D
      • ListContourPlot3D
      • Graphics
      • DiscretizeGraphics
      • BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics
      • Printout3D

      • Formats
      • PLY
      • STL
      • X3D

      • Front End Tokens
      • Import
    • Related Guides
      • Symbolic Graphics Language
      • Solid Geometry
      • Polygons
      • Polyhedra
      • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
    • Workflows
      • Make a 3D Printout
      • Control Interactive Content with a Gamepad
    • Tech Notes
      • The Structure of Graphics
      • Interactive Graphics3D Interaction

Graphics3D

Graphics3D[primitives,options]

represents a three-dimensional graphical image.

Details and Options

  • Graphics3D is displayed in StandardForm as a graphical image. In InputForm, it is displayed as an explicit list of primitives.
  • The following graphics primitives can be used:
  • Arrow[{pt1,pt2}]arrow
    Ball[{x,y,z},…]filled ball
    BezierCurve[{pt1,pt2,…}]Bézier curve
    BSplineCurve[{pt1,pt2,…}]B-spline curve
    BSplineSurface[array]B-spline surface
    Circumsphere[{pt1,…}]sphere specified by four points
    Cone[{pt1,pt2},r]filled cone
    ConicHullRegion[…]filled linear cone
    Cube[{x,y,z},…]filled cube
    Cuboid[{xmin,ymin,zmin},…]filled cuboid
    Cylinder[{{x1,x2,x3},…},…]filled cylinder
    Dodecahedron[{x,y,z},…]filled dodecahedron
    GraphicsComplex[pts,prims]complex of graphics objects
    GraphicsGroup[{g1,g2,…}]objects treated as a group
    HalfLine[{pt1,pt2}]half-infinite line, or ray
    HalfPlane[{pt1,pt2},v]half-infinite plane
    Hexahedron[{pt1,…}]filled hexahedron
    Icosahedron[{x,y,z},…]filled icosahedron
    InfiniteLine[{pt1,pt2}]infinite line
    InfinitePlane[{pt1,pt2,pt2}]infinite plane
    Inset[obj,…]inset object
    JoinedCurve[{seg1,seg2,…}]joined curve segments
    Line[{pt1,…}]line
    Octahedron[{x,y,z},…]filled octahedron
    Parallelepiped[pt,{v1,…}]parallelepiped
    Point[{x,y,z}]point
    Polygon[{pt1,…}]polygon
    Polyhedron[{pt1,…}]polyhedron
    Prism[{pt1,…}]prism
    Pyramid[{pt1,…}]pyramid
    Raster3D[array]cubical array of gray or colored cells
    Simplex[{pt1,…}]simplex
    Sphere[{x,y,z},…]sphere
    Tetrahedron[{pt1,…}]filled tetrahedron
    Text[expr,{x,y,z}]text
    Triangle[{pt1,…}]triangle
    Tube[{pt1,…}]tube
  • The following graphics directives can be used:
  • AbsoluteDashing[{w1,…}]absolute line dashing specification
    AbsolutePointSize[d]absolute point size specification
    AbsoluteThickness[w]absolute line thickness specification
    Arrowheads[spec]arrowheads specification
    CMYKColor[c,m,y,k]color specification
    CapForm[type]tube and line cap specification
    Dashing[{w1,…}]line dashing specification
    Directive[g1,g2,…]composite graphics directive
    EdgeForm[spec]polygon edge specification
    FaceForm[spec]polygon face specification
    Glow[c]glow color specification
    GrayLevel[i]gray‐level specification
    Hue[h]hue specification
    JoinForm[type]tube and line joining specification
    Opacity[a]opacity specification
    PointSize[d]point size specification
    RGBColor[r,g,b]color specification
    Specularity[s]surface specularity specification
    Texture[obj]texture specification
    Thickness[w]line thickness specification
  • The following wrappers can be used at any level:
  • Annotation[obj,label]give an annotation
    Button[obj,action]make obj act as a button
    Dynamic[obj]use the dynamically updated current value
    EventHandler[obj,…]attach an event handler
    Hyperlink[obj,URI]make obj a hyperlink
    Mouseover[obj,over]specify a mouseover form
    PopupWindow[obj,cont]attach a popup window
    StatusArea[obj,label]specify a label to appear in the status area
    Style[obj,opts]specify a style
    Tooltip[obj,label]attach a tooltip
  • The following options can be given:
  • AlignmentPoint Centerthe default point in the graphic to align with
    AspectRatio Automaticratio of height to width
    Axes Falsewhether to draw axes
    AxesEdge Automaticon which edges to put axes
    AxesLabel Noneaxes labels
    AxesOriginAutomaticwhere axes should cross
    AxesStyle {}graphics directives to specify the style for axes
    Background Nonebackground color for the plot
    BaselinePosition Automatichow to align with a surrounding text baseline
    BaseStyle {}base style specifications for the graphic
    Boxed Truewhether to draw the bounding box
    BoxRatios Automaticbounding 3D box ratios
    BoxStyle {}style specifications for the box
    ClipPlanes Noneclipping planes
    ClipPlanesStyle Automaticstyle specifications for clipping planes
    ContentSelectableAutomaticwhether to allow contents to be selected
    ControllerLinkingFalsewhen to link to external rotation controllers
    ControllerPathAutomaticwhat external controllers to try to use
    Epilog {}2D graphics primitives to be rendered after the main plot
    FaceGrids Nonegrid lines to draw on the bounding box
    FaceGridsStyle {}style specifications for face grids
    FormatType TraditionalFormdefault format type for text
    ImageMargins 0.the margins to leave around the graphic
    ImagePadding Allwhat extra padding to allow for labels, etc.
    ImageSize Automaticabsolute size at which to render the graphic
    LabelStyle {}style specifications for labels
    Lighting Automaticsimulated light sources to use
    Method Automaticdetails of 3D graphics methods to use
    PlotLabel Nonea label for the plot
    PlotRange Allrange of values to include
    PlotRangePadding Automatichow much to pad the range of values
    PlotRegion Automaticfinal display region to be filled
    PreserveImageOptionsAutomaticwhether to preserve image options when displaying new versions of the same graphic
    Prolog {}2D graphics primitives to be rendered before the main plot
    RotationAction"Fit"how to render after interactive rotation
    SphericalRegion Automaticwhether to make the circumscribing sphere fit in the final display area
    Ticks Automaticspecification for ticks
    TicksStyle {}style specification for ticks
    TouchscreenAutoZoomFalsewhether to zoom to fullscreen when activated on a touchscreen
    ViewAngle Automaticangle of the field of view
    ViewCenter Automaticpoint to display at the center
    ViewMatrix Automaticexplicit transformation matrix
    ViewPoint {1.3,-2.4,2.}viewing position
    ViewProjectionAutomaticprojection method for rendering objects distant from the viewer
    ViewRange Allrange of viewing distances to include
    ViewVector Automaticposition and direction of a simulated camera
    ViewVertical {0,0,1}direction to make vertical
  • Nested lists of graphics constructs can be given. Directive specifications such as GrayLevel remain in effect only until the end of the list that contains them.
  • Style[obj,opts] can be used to apply the options or directives opts to obj.
  • In a notebook front end, ViewPoint, ViewVertical, ViewCenter, and ViewAngle can be changed by direct interactive manipulation.
  • Dragging with the mouse rotates a 3D graphic.
  • Directives such as RGBColor specify surface colors for objects that follow. Final colors are determined from simulated illumination, including Glow and Specularity components.
  • By default, four light sources of different colors are used, arranged at particular fixed locations outside the bounding box.
  • By default, ViewAngle is set so that, if possible, the projection of the whole 3D object just fills the 2D viewing area.
  • The settings for BaseStyle are appended to the default style typically given by the "Graphics3D" style in the current stylesheet. The settings for BoxStyle, LabelStyle, etc. are appended to the default styles given for "Graphics3DBox", "Graphics3DLabel", etc.
  • Settings that can be given through the Method option include "SpherePoints", "CylinderPoints", "RotationControl", and "ShrinkWrap". »
  • The following options can be given to Method:
  • "AxesDuringInteraction""Lock"axes layout/display when rotating
    "ConePoints"{40,3}how many subdivisions to model Cone with
    "CylinderPoints"{40,3}how many subdivisions to model Cylinder with
    "EdgeDepthOffset"Truedraw edges above faces at similar depths
    "InvertSurfaceNormals"Falseinvert the normals of a BSplineSurface
    "PerFragmentLighting"Trueshade faces interpolating between VertexNormals
    "RelieveDPZFighting"Falsereduce the effects of Z-fighting
    "RotationControl""ArcBall"set the rotation controller
    "RotationMode""ClippedRegion"specify the rotation mode
    "ShrinkWrap"Falsecrop out empty space around rendered content
    "SpherePoints"{40,30}how many subdivisions to model Sphere with
    "SplinePoints"{7,7}how many subdivisions to model BSplineSurface with
    "TubePoints"Automatichow many subdivisions to model Tube with
  • Graphics3D[] gives an empty 3D graphic.

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (3)

Use lines, polygons, cylinders, spheres, etc. to build up a 3D graphics scene:

Use plot functions to automatically create Graphics3D from different types of data:

Use built-in polyhedron data:

Scope  (14)

Primitives  (2)

Three-dimensional planar polygons can fold over themselves:

Vertices can be shared by using GraphicsComplex:

Directives  (5)

Directives can specify color, opacity, and specularity of faces:

Specify the specular exponent:

Colors, thickness, and dashing directives affect lines and edges:

Specify different properties for front and back of faces:

Graphics directives normally remain in effect only until the end of the list that contains them:

Coordinates  (2)

Use an ordinary coordinate system:

Specify coordinates by fractions of the plot range:

Lighting and Camera  (5)

Default lighting on a gray specular sphere:

Different light source for each sphere:

Specify the view point using special scaled coordinates:

Specify orthographic views:

Specify the view vectors using ordinary coordinates:

Options  (86)

AlignmentPoint  (1)

Specify the position to be aligned in 3D Inset, using coordinates:

AspectRatio  (1)

In 3D, the aspect ratio determines the ratio of the final displayed 2D image:

Axes  (2)

Draw all the axes:

Draw only the axis:

AxesEdge  (3)

Choose the bounding box edges automatically to draw the axes:

Draw the axis edge that is the intersection of the plane and the plane:

Draw the axis edge that is the intersection of the plane and plane:

Four different positions for the axis:

AxesLabel  (2)

Place a label for the axis in 3D:

Specify a label for each axis:

AxesStyle  (1)

Specify overall axes style, including the ticks and the tick labels:

Specify the style for each axis:

Background  (1)

Specify a background color:

BaselinePosition  (2)

Align the center of a graphic with the baseline of the text:

Specify the baseline of a graphic as a fraction of the height by using Scaled:

BaseStyle  (2)

Set the starting style:

Set multiple starting styles:

Boxed  (1)

Draw the edges of the bounding box:

Do not draw the edges of the bounding box:

BoxRatios  (2)

Specify the ratios between the bounding box edges:

Use the actual coordinate values for the ratios:

BoxStyle  (1)

Use dashed lines for the bounding box:

ClipPlanes  (1)

Specify a clipping plane:

ClipPlanesStyle  (1)

Visualize the styled clipping plane:

Epilog  (1)

Place text at the right bottom corner of the 3D graphic:

FaceGrids  (4)

Put grids on every face of a 3D graphic:

Put grids on both ‐ faces:

Put face grids on the plane:

On the plane, put grid lines on , , and :

FaceGridsStyle  (1)

Specify the overall style of face grids:

FormatType  (2)

By default, expressions are displayed using TraditionalForm in graphics:

Display expressions using StandardForm:

ImageMargins  (2)

Have 30-point margins on all sides:

Leave different margins on each side:

ImagePadding  (4)

Thick lines and labels outside of the bounding box can be clipped without ImagePadding:

Leave enough padding for labels:

Specify the same padding for all sides in printer's points:

Specify different padding on different sides:

ImageSize  (3)

Use predefined symbolic sizes in 3D:

Use an explicit image width:

Use an explicit image width and height:

LabelStyle  (1)

Specify overall style of all the label-like elements:

Lighting  (4)

Ambient light is uniformly applied to all the surfaces in the scene:

Directional lights with different colors:

Point lights with different colors:

Spotlights with different colors:

Method  (14)

"AxesDuringInteraction"  (1)

Set the dynamic display layout of axes during 3D rotation.

The default "AxesDuringInteraction"->"Lock" locks axes in place during 3D rotation:

"ContinuousUpdate" causes the axes to move to the best location during 3D rotation:

"Hide" hides the axes instead of moving them:

"ConePoints"  (1)

Use the "ConePoints" setting to render cones with fewer polygons:

"CylinderPoints"  (1)

Use the "CylinderPoints" setting to render cylinders with fewer polygons:

"EdgeDepthOffset"  (1)

"EdgeDepthOffset"->True ensures that edges placed near faces are not obscured:

"InvertSurfaceNormals"  (1)

Invert the direction of the surface normals of a BSplineSurface:

"OneLayer"  (1)

The rendering system uses layers to order and render polygons:

Specifying {"Color",1} renders the topmost layer as if nothing lay behind it:

Use other numbers to selectively display each layer:

Use {"Depth",layer} to display the depth map of a given layer:

"PerFragmentLighting"  (1)

The macOS Metal engine uses "PerFragmentLighting" by default, except during rotation:

Set "PerFragmentLighting"False:

"PerFragmentLighting"True interpolates normals at every pixel over the entire face:

"PerFragmentLighting" appears smooth even when there are few surface subdivisions:

"RelieveDPZFighting"  (1)

By default, z-fighting of coplanar polygons is typically resolved by the rendering system:

"RelieveDPZFighting"->False improves rendering performance at the cost of exposing z-fighting:

"RotationControl"  (1)

Set different rotation controllers for 3D graphics:

"RotationMode"  (1)

Normally, a 3D graphic in rotation changes its apparent size to accommodate its ImageSize:

"SphericalRegion" resizes the graphic to accommodate all orientations during rotation:

"ShrinkWrap"  (1)

By default, empty space may appear around a graphical image:

Use "ShrinkWrap" to prevent the inclusion of empty space:

"SpherePoints"  (1)

Use the "SpherePoints" setting to render spheres with fewer polygons:

"SplinePoints"  (1)

Subdivide each patch between knots using the default of {7,7} sample points:

Reduce the number of samples per patch to {1,1}:

"TubePoints"  (1)

Use the "TubePoints" setting to render tubes with fewer polygons:

PlotLabel  (2)

Display a label on the top of the graphic in TraditionalForm:

Use Style and other typesetting functions to modify how the label appears:

PlotRange  (3)

Display all objects:

Explicitly choose a range:

PlotRange->s is equivalent to PlotRange->{{-s,s},{-s,s},{-s,s}}:

PlotRangePadding  (3)

Include coordinate unit of padding on all sides:

Include of the image size as padding on all sides:

Specify different padding on each side:

PlotRegion  (3)

The contents of a graphic use the whole region:

Limit the contents of the graphic to the middle half of the region in each direction:

ImagePadding can also be used to add padding around a graphic:

Prolog  (1)

Draw a circumscribing disk that just touches a corner of the bounding box:

SphericalRegion  (1)

Make a sequence of images be consistently sized, independent of orientation:

Without SphericalRegion, each image is made as big as possible:

Ticks  (2)

Place tick marks automatically:

Draw tick marks at the specified positions:

TicksStyle  (2)

Specify the styles of the ticks and tick labels:

Specify the styles of the , , and axis ticks separately:

ViewAngle  (1)

Use a specific angle for a simulated camera:

ViewCenter  (2)

Place the top-right corner of the object at the center of the final image:

Use the ViewCenter->{vc,vp} to specify that 3D point vc gets mapped to the 2D point vp:

ViewMatrix  (1)

Orthographic view of a sphere from the negative direction:

ViewPoint  (3)

Specify the view point using the special scaled coordinates:

Use symbolic view points:

Specify orthographic views:

ViewRange  (2)

By default, the range is sufficient to include all the objects:

Specify the minimum and maximum distances from the camera to be included:

ViewVector  (1)

Specify the view vectors using ordinary coordinates:

ViewVertical  (2)

Use the axis direction as the vertical direction in the final image:

Various views of vertical directions:

Properties & Relations  (5)

The StandardForm of Graphics3D is its rendered form:

The InputForm is the textual expression form:

Graphics3D can be used as input to functions:

Three-dimensional plot functions return Graphics3D:

Several integrated data sources return Graphics3D:

Many Import and Export formats support Graphics3D:

Neat Examples  (1)

The RGB color cube:

See Also

Show  Plot3D  ListPlot3D  ParametricPlot3D  RegionPlot3D  ContourPlot3D  ListContourPlot3D  Graphics  DiscretizeGraphics  BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics  Printout3D

Formats: PLY  STL  X3D

Front End Tokens: Import

Function Repository: Stereogram3D

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • The Structure of Graphics
  • ▪
  • Interactive Graphics3D Interaction

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Symbolic Graphics Language
  • ▪
  • Solid Geometry
  • ▪
  • Polygons
  • ▪
  • Polyhedra
  • ▪
  • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)

Related Workflows

    Related Workflows
    ▪
  • Make a 3D Printout
  • ▪
  • Control Interactive Content with a Gamepad

Related Links

  • Fast Introduction for Programmers: Graphics
  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Basic Graphics Objects
  • NKS|Online  (A New Kind of Science)

History

Introduced in 1988 (1.0) | Updated in 1996 (3.0) ▪ 2007 (6.0) ▪ 2008 (7.0) ▪ 2010 (8.0) ▪ 2012 (9.0) ▪ 2014 (10.0) ▪ 2017 (11.2) ▪ 2019 (12.0) ▪ 2020 (12.1) ▪ 2024 (14.0)

Wolfram Research (1988), Graphics3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html (updated 2024).

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), Graphics3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html (updated 2024).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "Graphics3D." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2024. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). Graphics3D. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_graphics3d, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Graphics3D}", year="2024", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html}", note=[Accessed: 01-December-2025]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_graphics3d, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Graphics3D}, year={2024}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.html}, note=[Accessed: 01-December-2025]}

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