[REQUIRED] Environment info
Hi, I've already extensively documented this on StackOverflow and believe I've found the root of the problem after figuring out how your emulators interoperate.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78983940/firebase-functions-cannot-determine-backend-specification
Please consider improving the resiliency of the firebase-tools and firebase-functions packages as I mention in the answer. A very low-cost improvement would be bumping the timeout and putting in better logging around what this cryptic error message actually is talking about which is more like "failed to receive a response from functions subsystem within 10s timeout".