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Diib

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Diib
type of material
Subclass ofdisposable product, material, food and beverage Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Part ofedible Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has useeating, food fight Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Namemichëwakàn, mehëmichink Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Made from materialfood ingredient Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has effectfood allergy, satiety Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Studied byculinary art, food science Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Geography of topicgeography of food Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Used byorganism Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode rangeU+2615,U+1F33D,U+1F345-1F37C,U+1F382 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
NCI Thesaurus IDC62695 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Stack Exchange taghttps://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/tags/food, https://travel.stackexchange.com/tags/food-and-drink, https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/tags/food, https://english.stackexchange.com/tags/food Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🍲 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Opposite ofnon-food item Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Different kinds of foods.
Joachim Beuckelaer, 1560-1565
A slice of Pizza.

Diib bɛɛ Diid anɛ bunkanɛ ka bunvuya dit ka di tisidi ba niŋgbina biim nɛ paŋ.[1][2] Di tun'e an kansa, dʋgida, ka bʋnkɔnbid ɔnbidi ba nɔɔrin, ka li sʋŋidi ba ka ba nɔbigid, paamid laafi, nɛ malisim.

Paꞌalʋg nɛ buudi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Diib anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba did ka li maan ningbina biim nɛ paŋi tisid ningbiŋ la.[3][4] Fʋ tɔꞌɔn di siꞌeba ka pʋ dʋgɛ, siꞌeba mɛ dʋgʋd, ka bʋnkɔnbid diti li nɔɔrin ye ba nyaŋi nɔbig, mɔr laafi ka li mɛ malisi ba. Diib pʋʋgin mɔr ku'om, lipids, proteins, nɛ carbohydrates. Minerals (wʋʋ yaarim) nɛ organic substances (wʋʋ vitamins) mɛ bɛ diib pʋʋgin.[5] Bʋnbʋta nɛ bʋnvʋya siꞌeba maani ba mɛŋ diib.[6] Ku'om bɛ diib bɛdigʋ ni ka lin mɛŋ mɛ anɛ diibi la.[7] Ku'om nɛ fiber pʋ tisid paŋ bɛdigʋ, bɛɛ kpaam, ka kpaam tisid paŋ bɛdigʋ.[4] Siꞌelnam mɛ bɛ ka kaꞌa diibɔ ka li an tilas ye bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋta mɔr ka nyaŋi an titua.[8]

Diib kanɛ ka ninsaalib dit mɔr buudi kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb, lin an siꞌem bɛɛ ban maani li siꞌem.[9] Diib buudi kanl bɛn zuoe ya. Nidib bɛdigʋ laꞌasid diib nɛ zinꞌis anaasi ka li paꞌan ban yi siꞌel na nɛ ban maan niŋgbina siꞌem: Vegetables nɛ wala, biꞌelim bɛɛ biili diib, kpaam diib, nɛ niꞌim.[10] Vɛɛnsig kanɛ gɔsid diib sʋꞌʋm yela pʋdʋg diib zinꞌiszinꞌis biili/biꞌelim, biili/biꞌelim kanɛ nɛɛm, vegetables, wala, biꞌelim, biꞌelim banɛ kpiꞌem, banɛ mɔr paꞌad, gɛla, kpaam laꞌad, zimi, niꞌim zinꞌa, niꞌim kanɛ ka ba dʋg, nɛ daam banɛ ka ba nɔk sikiri maal.[11][12][13] Lugur Kane gosid diib, kuob ne gu'ul yela nɛ World Health Organization laꞌas diibi pʋdʋg nɛ zinꞌis piinɛ awai: mɔɔg biili, nyaꞌa, yam nɛ biili banɛ kpiꞌem, binꞌisim, gɛla,  zimi, niꞌim, bʋniꞌanda, vegetables, wala, kpaam, sikir, spices, daam, diib banɛ tisid niŋgbiŋ biim, laꞌabanɛ paasid malisim nɛ vɛnlim, diib banɛ ka ba maali laꞌas nɛ bʋnɔnbida.[14] Bʋnvʋya siꞌeba yaꞌa kaꞌasigɛ, vʋꞌʋm kʋ aan titua nɛ bɔzugɔ ba siꞌeba tiꞌakid pɛbis bɛꞌɛdnam ka li lɛbigid sʋꞌʋm tis ninsaalib vʋꞌʋsʋm. Pɛbis kaŋa ka ba buon Ammonia la tisid proteins, nucleic acids, nɛ vitamins bɛdigʋ. Ban pinꞌili maan vɛɛnsig kanɛ buon Haber-Bosch Process, ka ba dɔlisidi maan ammonia la, ninsaal mɛŋi yʋꞌʋn maani li bɛdigʋ.[15]


Bʋnbʋta

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bʋnbʋta banɛ tisid diib pʋdig nɛ biꞌelim, wala, vaand, biꞌelim banɛ ka pak ligil wʋʋ bɛŋa, mɔꞌbiili wʋʋ mui nɛ walkpiꞌema wan wʋʋ atian biili.[16] Bʋnbʋta banɛ paas buudi bam ani bɛ kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb, ka banɛ an tiig wala siꞌeba an tomato, squash, nanzʋꞌʋs nɛ nyaadua bɛɛ biili wan wʋʋ bʋnlinɛ ka ba buon peas anɛ vaand buudi.[17] Diib line yit bunbuta ni anɛ wal, li zinꞌig kanɛ dit la yaꞌa na nyaŋi bul bʋnpaalig. Wala zug biili, banɛ mɔr paꞌad, nɛ biꞌelim anɛ wala.[18][19] Banɛ dʋgʋd zinꞌigin, ban gɔs ka wal anɛ fʋ yaꞌa yis biꞌelim yis tiig bɛɛ mɔɔg la vaang ni.[20] Biꞌelim anɛ biili banɛ ka ninsaalib dit bɛɛ kuod, ka mɔɔg biili (oats, wheat, mui, kawɛnna, barley, rye, sorghum nɛ ki) paas nɛ Poaceae (mɔɔg) buudi[21] nɛ biili banɛ yit Fabaceae (legume) buudi.[22] Biꞌel mum anɛ diib banɛ ka biꞌelif la an siꞌem la kpɛlim aan ala ka pʋ tiꞌakɛ (bran, germ, and endosperm). [23]Nuts mɛ anɛ wala banɛ kʋdʋg, ka pak kanɛ ligili ba la an wan wʋʋ daag nɛ.[20]

Wal banɛ pʋ kʋdʋgɛ (ban bɛɛ ba kɔnꞌɔ nɛ banɛ an kpiꞌema wan wʋʋ biꞌelim, biili bɛɛ banɛ pigid) lɛn mɔr kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb pʋdʋgir ka ban an stone fruits (cherries nɛ peaches), pome fruits (apples, pears), berries (blackberry, strawberry), citrus (oranges, lemon), melons (watermelon, cantaloupe), Mediterranean fruits (grapes, fig), tropical fruits (banana, pineapple).[20] Vegetables anɛ bʋnbʋtir la lɔkanɛ ka fʋ na nyaŋi di, wan wʋʋ nyaꞌa, til, vaand, puum, pak bɛɛ tiig la wʋsa.[24] Bama siꞌeba anɛ banɛ ka ba dit nyaꞌa (potatoes nɛ carrots), bʋngbila (gabʋ buudi), banɛ maan puum (cauliflower nɛ broccoli), banɛ ka ba dit vaand (spinach nɛ lettuce) nɛ banɛ ka ba diti ba til (celery nɛ asparagus).[25][24]

Bʋnbʋta zinꞌis banɛ tisid paŋ, maan niŋgbina nɛ linɛ tisid kpaam kaꞌa yinnɛ. Zinꞌig banɛ tisid paŋ la anɛ starch, fructose, glucose bɛɛ sikir buudi siꞌeba.[16] Linɛ guꞌud ninsaal niŋgbiŋ banꞌas pʋʋgin ka ba buon vitamins la yinɛ bʋnbʋta ni, ba siꞌeba banɛ pʋ yi bʋnbʋta ni anɛ vitamin D nɛ vitamin B12. Bʋnlinɛ maan niŋgbina ka ba buon Minerals la tɔꞌɔn zuoe bɛɛ lin an finn. Wala pʋʋgin tɔꞌɔn mɔr kuom piswai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (90%), ka mɔr sikir buudinam bɛdigʋ linɛ kɛt ka li malis, ka mɛ mɔr vitamin C bɛdigʋ.[16][20] Fʋ yaꞌa mak nɛ wal banɛ nan pʋ kʋdʋgɛ (ka yis kodu) vegetables mɔr starch, potassium,[26] dietary fiber, folate nɛ vitamins bɛdigʋ ka lɛɛ mɔr kpaam finn.[27] Biꞌelim anɛ banɛ mɔr diib bʋʋlim bɛdigʋ[16] ka banɛ ka ba pak kpiꞌem la mɛ tisid protein, fiber, vitamin E nɛ B bɛdigʋ.[20] Biili anɛ diib hali tis bʋnkɔnbid bɔzugɔ, ba mɔr paꞌad nɛ kpaam kanɛ zɛnmis, wan wʋʋ omega-3 fats.[28][29] Tikpiꞌema siꞌeba yaꞌa laꞌas taaba na nyaŋi kɛ ka bʋnlinɛ tisid niŋgbiŋ laafi la paas bɛɛ siꞌe bɛ bʋnbʋta ni. Phytates anɛ bʋnlinɛ na nyaŋi kɛ ka sikir buudi siꞌeba nɛ vitamins pʋ zuoe bʋnbʋta la nii.[16]

Ba buon bʋnkɔnbid banɛ an yam bɛɛ mɔɔg maꞌa la nɛ ye herbivores, ka banɛ dit tiis wala ka ba buoni ba ye frugivores,[30] ka banɛ dit vaand nɛ li daad la mɛ an folivores (pandas) ka banɛ ɔnbid daad la an xylophages (termites).[31] Banɛ dit tiis wala la siꞌeba anɛ banɛ yi annelids paae wabid, waamis nɛ niiŋ siꞌeba.[32][33][34] Zimi wan wʋʋ kɔbiga nɛ pisnii nɛ ayi (182) dit wala bɛɛ biili.[35] Bʋnkɔnbid (banɛ bɛ yaan nɛ mɔɔgin) ɔnbid nɛ mɔɔd kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb ye ba paam niŋgbina biim.[36]

Ninsaalib dit bʋnbʋta buudi-buudi tusa-tusa; bʋnbʋta banɛ maan puum anɛ wan wʋʋ ban buudi-buudi tusa pisyɔpɔi nɛ anu (75,000), ka ba dit wan wʋʋ ban tusa yɔpɔi (7,000).[37] Ba mɔr bʋnbʋta maan bodobodo, pasta, cereals, daam nɛ jams bɛɛ laꞌasiꞌeba wan wʋʋ sikir, tiꞌnyaꞌa, linɛ niŋid diib ka ba buon spices la nɛ kpaam.[16] Biili banɛ tisid kpaam mɔr kpaam bɛdigʋ ba pʋʋgin – sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed (ka siꞌeba an canola oil) nɛ sesame.[38]

Bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋta bɛdigʋ laꞌasi duoe ka li yʋꞌʋn an ye ba wala la anɛ bʋnlinɛ tisid bʋnkɔnbid la niŋgbina biim, ka ban mɛ kɛŋ nyɛꞌɛ biili la bas zinꞌig siꞌa sa, ka bʋnbʋta la yaligidi tɔlisid tuon.[39] Bʋnkɔnbidi ɛɛti di biili kɛŋ nyɛꞌɛ bas la mɛ mɔr sʋŋir, bɔzugɔ, biili siꞌeba pʋ buod bʋnkɔnbid pʋʋginɛ.[40][41] Bʋnꞌianꞌada anɛ banɛ dit biili bɛdigʋ,[28] ka sinsaꞌas, tambaris nɛ gʋnya an banɛ widigid biili laligid zinꞌig.[42] Niimis mɛ an banɛ widigid biili,[43] ba pʋ taa dit biili ka li an ba diib wala, ba nɔnya la kpiꞌem nɛ na nyaŋi bʋꞌak pak la di biilif la.[44] Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dʋꞌad dit biili kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb, ban tɔꞌɔn mɔri ba nɔɔri kpiꞌem la pigisid paꞌad la ka dit biili la.[45]

Bʋnkɔnbid

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba mɔr bʋnkɔnbidi maan disiꞌeba bɛɛ dit ka li an niꞌim. Nwaꞌ siꞌeba anɛ niꞌim, gɛla, shellfish nɛ li kpaam wan wʋʋ milk nɛ cheese.[46] Ba tisid niŋgbina biim ka mɔr niŋgbina maalig laꞌad wʋsa ka ninsaal yaꞌa di ka li na nyaŋi sʋŋ o.[47] One 4-ounce (110 g) steak, nua binꞌisa bɛɛ kurkur niꞌim mɔr protein 30 grams. Gɛl titaꞌar yinnɛ mɔr protein 7 grams. A 4-ounce (110 g) ba yaꞌa mak cheese wala bɛn tisid protein 15 grams. Ka milik kɔp yinnɛ (~240 mL) mɛ mɔr protein 8 grams.[47] Niŋgbiŋ biim buudi banɛ ka ninsaal paamidi yit bʋnkɔnbid ni siꞌeba anɛ kpaam, vitamins (ka B12 paas) nɛ  (ka zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium paas).[47]

Diib banɛ ka ti nyɛti yit bʋnkɔnbid ni siꞌeba anɛ milik, lin yit nɛ binꞌisa ni, ka siꞌeba nuud ala ka siꞌeba mɛ mɔri li maan disiꞌeba (cheese, butter, etc.). Gɛla banɛ ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr kʋkpama nyɛꞌɛt la siing diti maan siind, ka yisid bʋnsiꞌeba bɛ puum ni laꞌasidi li ka di malis. Buud siꞌeba nud ziim, diib wan wʋʋ ziim niꞌim, ziim ka ba mɔri bʋligid niꞌim ka paasid yaarim digin ka di yʋʋgin, ka siꞌeba mɛ mɔr ziim maan stew wan wʋʋ dikanɛ ka ba buon jugged hare la.[48]

Nɔɔrin lɛmig

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bʋnkɔnbid, li kaskas ninsaalib, yaꞌa lɛꞌɛm siꞌeli ba nɔɔrin, li paꞌan bʋnama anu nwaꞌ: li tɔꞌɔn malis, an zɛnꞌɛm, an yaarim, an tɔɔg, bɛɛ din on an niꞌim. Ba lɛmid diib nɔɔrini nyaŋidi bakidi ba nɛ taaba, anina ka ba baŋid banɛ maan niŋgbina nɛ banɛ an yabidi tis niŋgbiŋ.[49] Bʋnkɔnbidi paasid la, banɛ tisid paŋ anɛ banɛ ka ba diib malis la,[50] amaa ninsaalib tɔꞌɔn tiꞌaki ba pʋtɛnꞌɛri bɔɔd dikanɛ ka ba daa pʋ nɔŋa.[49] Ku'om an bʋnlinɛ yaꞌa kae ka vʋꞌʋm kae la pʋ mɔr malisim bɛɛ tɔɔlim nɔɔrinɛ.[51]

Bʋnlinɛ kɛt ka siꞌel malis ninsaal nɔɔrin anɛ sikir buudi banɛ ka ba siꞌeba an  glucose, fructose, bɛɛ disaccharides ka ban siꞌeba mɛ an sucrose, lin laꞌas nɛ glucose nɛ fructose. [52] Fʋ yaꞌa lɛꞌɛm siꞌel nɔɔrin ka li an zɛnꞌɛm, linɛ kɛt ka li an ala anɛ zɛnꞌɛsim, ka siꞌeba anɛ vinegar kanɛ ka ba niŋid daam banɛ mɔr pataasi li pʋʋgin la. Dibama buudi siꞌeba an citrus, li kaskas anɛ lemons nɛ limes. Diib yaꞌa pʋ Malisa, li an sʋꞌʋm bɔzugɔ li paꞌan saŋsiꞌeba ye diib la sanꞌam nɛ.[53] Diib yaꞌa an yaarimyaarim, li paꞌal ye yaarim kuguri paasi li pʋʋgin wan wʋʋ sodium nɛ potassium. Li bɛ diib bɛdigʋ ni zɛnmis nɛ ye li kɛ ka li diib malis. Tɔɔg anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba pʋ bɔɔda lin tɔi la zug. Bʋnlinɛ pʋ Malisa siꞌeba anɛ chocolate sabilig, caffeine, lemon rind, nɛ tiis wala siꞌeba. Umami, mɛ anɛ malisim kanɛ bɛ fʋn na dʋg niꞌim pʋʋgin.Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). "Umami: why the fifth taste is so important". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2023.[54] Diib banɛ ka fʋ yaꞌa lɛmi ba ka ba paꞌan niꞌim malisim anɛ cheese, niꞌim nɛ abʋʋd.[55]

Bʋnkɔnbid bɛdigʋ mɔr dinɛ lɛmid diibi baŋid malisim la nɛ ba nɔɔrin, bʋnianꞌada siꞌeba bɛɛ mɔri ba nɔba lɛmid diib, ka zimi mɛ mɔri ba niŋgbiŋ zinꞌig wʋsa tɔꞌɔn lɛmid diib.[56][57] Baa, amus nɛ niis dinɛ lɛmid diib la pɔɔd nɛ (nɔɔs mɔr wan wʋʋ ban pistanꞌ),[58] Ninsaalib banɛ an kpɛɛmnam mɔr ka li waꞌae tusayi nɛ tusa anaasi yela,[59] ka zimi mɔr ka li gaad million.[57] Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd mɔr ka li gaad banɛ ɔnbid niꞌim, lin ka ba nyaŋidi baŋid mɔɔg banɛ an yabid.[60] Bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa pʋ lɛꞌɛmid yinnɛ, kuus lɛmmidi gɔsid diib bʋʋlim, amus kʋ nyaŋi lɛꞌɛm diibi baŋi li malisim bɛn nɛ, ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid niꞌim bɛdigʋ (ka siꞌeba an hyenas, dolphins, nɛ sea lions) kʋ nyaŋi lɛꞌɛm gɔs diib malisim bɛɛ di tɔɔlim zinꞌis anu banɛ bɛ Ninsaal ni la.[61]

Diib buor

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Diib kpɛnꞌɛd ningbina ni an biim nɛ dɔlisid lin na buoe kpɛnꞌɛ giinla nɛ kɔnba ni.[62] Diibi na niŋ siꞌem ka buoe niŋgbiŋin anɛ fʋn na ɔnbi li nɔɔrin ka bʋnvʋya siꞌeba bɛ pʋʋgin mɛ ɔnbi li bʋlʋg).[63][64] Diibi dɔlisid siꞌem buodi bɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd nɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid niꞌim bɛ kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb bɔzugɔ mɔɔg pʋ buod naꞌanaꞌa.[65] Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid niꞌim la, Winaꞌam maali ba nɔnya la nɛ ka ba tɔꞌɔn aansid ka gaꞌad ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔg la lɛɛ bugusud yam la. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔg la mɔr pʋya ka li zuoe lin na niŋ siꞌem ka diib la buoe ka diibi dɔlisid suor siꞌa ka buod la mɛ waꞌam.[66][67]

Diib sʋꞌʋm yela

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Labaar bɛ World Health Organization (WHO), ye nidib 600 million dunia wʋsa bɛnꞌɛd ka 420,000 ɛɛti kɔꞌɔŋi ba nyɔɔr dɔlisid nɛ ban di dibanɛ saꞌam pʋʋgin.[68][69] Diarrhea, banꞌa kanɛ ka ba tiind ka saand la anɛ wikanɛ yinɛ fʋn na di dikanɛ sanꞌam, ka nidib 550 million ka li gbanꞌadi ba, ka ba pʋʋgin, nidib 230,000 dɔlisid anina kɔꞌɔŋidi ba nyɔɔrr yʋʋm wʋsa. Biis banɛ pʋ paae yʋma anu anɛ pisnaasi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin ka li dɔlisid nɛ diib banꞌas ni ka ba kɔꞌɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr, biis 125,000 kɔꞌɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr yʋʋm wʋsa.[69][70]

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ atanꞌ ni (2003) World Health Organization (WHO) da yis labaar na ka ye nidib banɛ dit diib kanɛ sanꞌam ka banꞌas mɔri ba bɛ WHO European Region pistanꞌ kɔbiga pʋʋgin (30%) yitnɛ nidib yaan.[71] WHO nɛ CDC gbana pʋʋgin, US tɛŋin maꞌa, yʋʋm wʋsa, nidib 76 million ka banꞌas gbanꞌadi ba dɔlisid diib ni, nidib 325,000 pʋ lɛn nyaŋidi tʋm siꞌela ka nidib 5,000 ɛɛnti kɔꞌɔŋid ba nyɔɔr.[72]

Lin yi yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ yinnɛ (2011) paae yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛyuobʋ ni (2016), nidib wan wʋʋ 668,673 ka banꞌas gbanꞌa ba dɔlisid diib ni ka li dɔlisid anina ka nidib pisi nɛ yinnɛ kɔꞌɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr yʋʋm wʋsa.[73][74][75][76] Linɛ lɛn paas yaꞌas, yʋʋm bama saŋa, diib banꞌas kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb 1,007 ka ba da nyɛ ka lin da gbanꞌa nidib siꞌeba an 30,395.[69]

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ "Food definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "Low-Energy-Dense Foods and Weight Management: Cutting Calories While Controlling Hunger" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  3. ↑ "Food definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Low-Energy-Dense Foods and Weight Management: Cutting Calories While Controlling Hunger" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  5. ↑ Rahman, M. Shafiur; McCarthy, Owen J. (July 1999). "A classification of food properties". International Journal of Food Properties. 2 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1080/10942919909524593. ISSN 1094-2912.
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