Products
  • Wolfram|One

    The definitive Wolfram Language and notebook experience

  • Mathematica

    The original technical computing environment

  • Wolfram Notebook Assistant + LLM Kit

    All-in-one AI assistance for your Wolfram experience

  • System Modeler
  • Wolfram Player
  • Finance Platform
  • Wolfram Engine
  • Enterprise Private Cloud
  • Application Server
  • Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition
  • Wolfram Cloud App
  • Wolfram Player App

More mobile apps

Core Technologies of Wolfram Products

  • Wolfram Language
  • Computable Data
  • Wolfram Notebooks
  • AI & Linguistic Understanding

Deployment Options

  • Wolfram Cloud
  • wolframscript
  • Wolfram Engine Community Edition
  • Wolfram LLM API
  • WSTPServer
  • Wolfram|Alpha APIs

From the Community

  • Function Repository
  • Community Paclet Repository
  • Example Repository
  • Neural Net Repository
  • Prompt Repository
  • Wolfram Demonstrations
  • Data Repository
  • Group & Organizational Licensing
  • All Products
Consulting & Solutions

We deliver solutions for the AI era—combining symbolic computation, data-driven insights and deep technical expertise

  • Data & Computational Intelligence
  • Model-Based Design
  • Algorithm Development
  • Wolfram|Alpha for Business
  • Blockchain Technology
  • Education Technology
  • Quantum Computation

WolframConsulting.com

Wolfram Solutions

  • Data Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Biosciences
  • Healthcare Intelligence
  • Sustainable Energy
  • Control Systems
  • Enterprise Wolfram|Alpha
  • Blockchain Labs

More Wolfram Solutions

Wolfram Solutions For Education

  • Research Universities
  • Colleges & Teaching Universities
  • Junior & Community Colleges
  • High Schools
  • Educational Technology
  • Computer-Based Math

More Solutions for Education

  • Contact Us
Learning & Support

Get Started

  • Wolfram Language Introduction
  • Fast Intro for Programmers
  • Fast Intro for Math Students
  • Wolfram Language Documentation

More Learning

  • Highlighted Core Areas
  • Demonstrations
  • YouTube
  • Daily Study Groups
  • Wolfram Schools and Programs
  • Books

Grow Your Skills

  • Wolfram U

    Courses in computing, science, life and more

  • Community

    Learn, solve problems and share ideas.

  • Blog

    News, views and insights from Wolfram

  • Resources for

    Software Developers

Tech Support

  • Contact Us
  • Support FAQs
  • Support FAQs
  • Contact Us
Company
  • About Wolfram
  • Career Center
  • All Sites & Resources
  • Connect & Follow
  • Contact Us

Work with Us

  • Student Ambassador Initiative
  • Wolfram for Startups
  • Student Opportunities
  • Jobs Using Wolfram Language

Educational Programs for Adults

  • Summer School
  • Winter School

Educational Programs for Youth

  • Middle School Camp
  • High School Research Program
  • Computational Adventures

Read

  • Stephen Wolfram's Writings
  • Wolfram Blog
  • Wolfram Tech | Books
  • Wolfram Media
  • Complex Systems

Educational Resources

  • Wolfram MathWorld
  • Wolfram in STEM/STEAM
  • Wolfram Challenges
  • Wolfram Problem Generator

Wolfram Initiatives

  • Wolfram Science
  • Wolfram Foundation
  • History of Mathematics Project

Events

  • Stephen Wolfram Livestreams
  • Online & In-Person Events
  • Contact Us
  • Connect & Follow
Wolfram|Alpha
  • Your Account
  • User Portal
  • Wolfram Cloud
  • Products
    • Wolfram|One
    • Mathematica
    • Wolfram Notebook Assistant + LLM Kit
    • System Modeler
    • Wolfram Player
    • Finance Platform
    • Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition
    • Wolfram Engine
    • Enterprise Private Cloud
    • Application Server
    • Wolfram Cloud App
    • Wolfram Player App

    More mobile apps

    • Core Technologies
      • Wolfram Language
      • Computable Data
      • Wolfram Notebooks
      • AI & Linguistic Understanding
    • Deployment Options
      • Wolfram Cloud
      • wolframscript
      • Wolfram Engine Community Edition
      • Wolfram LLM API
      • WSTPServer
      • Wolfram|Alpha APIs
    • From the Community
      • Function Repository
      • Community Paclet Repository
      • Example Repository
      • Neural Net Repository
      • Prompt Repository
      • Wolfram Demonstrations
      • Data Repository
    • Group & Organizational Licensing
    • All Products
  • Consulting & Solutions

    We deliver solutions for the AI era—combining symbolic computation, data-driven insights and deep technical expertise

    WolframConsulting.com

    Wolfram Solutions

    • Data Science
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Biosciences
    • Healthcare Intelligence
    • Sustainable Energy
    • Control Systems
    • Enterprise Wolfram|Alpha
    • Blockchain Labs

    More Wolfram Solutions

    Wolfram Solutions For Education

    • Research Universities
    • Colleges & Teaching Universities
    • Junior & Community Colleges
    • High Schools
    • Educational Technology
    • Computer-Based Math

    More Solutions for Education

    • Contact Us
  • Learning & Support

    Get Started

    • Wolfram Language Introduction
    • Fast Intro for Programmers
    • Fast Intro for Math Students
    • Wolfram Language Documentation

    Grow Your Skills

    • Wolfram U

      Courses in computing, science, life and more

    • Community

      Learn, solve problems and share ideas.

    • Blog

      News, views and insights from Wolfram

    • Resources for

      Software Developers
    • Tech Support
      • Contact Us
      • Support FAQs
    • More Learning
      • Highlighted Core Areas
      • Demonstrations
      • YouTube
      • Daily Study Groups
      • Wolfram Schools and Programs
      • Books
    • Support FAQs
    • Contact Us
  • Company
    • About Wolfram
    • Career Center
    • All Sites & Resources
    • Connect & Follow
    • Contact Us

    Work with Us

    • Student Ambassador Initiative
    • Wolfram for Startups
    • Student Opportunities
    • Jobs Using Wolfram Language

    Educational Programs for Adults

    • Summer School
    • Winter School

    Educational Programs for Youth

    • Middle School Camp
    • High School Research Program
    • Computational Adventures

    Read

    • Stephen Wolfram's Writings
    • Wolfram Blog
    • Wolfram Tech | Books
    • Wolfram Media
    • Complex Systems
    • Educational Resources
      • Wolfram MathWorld
      • Wolfram in STEM/STEAM
      • Wolfram Challenges
      • Wolfram Problem Generator
    • Wolfram Initiatives
      • Wolfram Science
      • Wolfram Foundation
      • History of Mathematics Project
    • Events
      • Stephen Wolfram Livestreams
      • Online & In-Person Events
    • Contact Us
    • Connect & Follow
  • Wolfram|Alpha
  • Wolfram Cloud
  • Your Account
  • User Portal
Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
FormFunction   
  • See Also
    • FormObject
    • FormPage
    • APIFunction
    • AskFunction
    • CloudDeploy
    • ExportForm
    • URLDispatcher
    • Function
    • AutoSubmitting
    • RepeatingElement
    • CompoundElement
    • FormControl
    • FormProtectionMethod
  • Related Guides
    • Custom Interface Construction
    • Web Operations
    • Automated Reports
    • Cloud Functions & Deployment
    • Creating Form Interfaces & Apps
    • Setting Up Input Interpreters
    • Form Structure & Layout
    • Control Objects
    • Setting Up User Interactions
  • Workflows
    • Create a Web Form That Includes Content as Well as Input Fields
    • Make Forms with Sliders and Other Controls
    • Provide Initial Data to a Form
    • Build a Multipage Form
    • Create an Image Processing Website
    • Create a Webpage with Templates
    • Set Up a Form That Takes Images as Input
  • Tech Notes
    • Advanced Web Form Creation
    • See Also
      • FormObject
      • FormPage
      • APIFunction
      • AskFunction
      • CloudDeploy
      • ExportForm
      • URLDispatcher
      • Function
      • AutoSubmitting
      • RepeatingElement
      • CompoundElement
      • FormControl
      • FormProtectionMethod
    • Related Guides
      • Custom Interface Construction
      • Web Operations
      • Automated Reports
      • Cloud Functions & Deployment
      • Creating Form Interfaces & Apps
      • Setting Up Input Interpreters
      • Form Structure & Layout
      • Control Objects
      • Setting Up User Interactions
    • Workflows
      • Create a Web Form That Includes Content as Well as Input Fields
      • Make Forms with Sliders and Other Controls
      • Provide Initial Data to a Form
      • Build a Multipage Form
      • Create an Image Processing Website
      • Create a Webpage with Templates
      • Set Up a Form That Takes Images as Input
    • Tech Notes
      • Advanced Web Form Creation

FormFunction[formspec,func]

represents an active form that, when submitted, applies func to the values obtained from the form specified by formspec.

FormFunction[{"name1"type1,…},func]

represents an active form with fields named namei interpreted as types typei.

FormFunction[{{"name1",label1}type1,…},func]

uses labeli as the label for the field named namei.

FormFunction[{namespec1type1default1,…},func]

uses defaulti as the default for the field specified by namespeci.

FormFunction[formspec,func,fmt]

specifies that in the cloud, the result from applying func should be returned in format fmt.

FormFunction[{formspec1,formspec2,…},func,…]

represents a multipage form, in which the successive formspeci can be functions that are applied to the values obtained so far.

Details and Options
Details and Options Details and Options
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Interpreter Specifications  
Defaults  
Input  
Show More Show More
Label  
Appearance  
Controls  
Dynamic forms  
Multipage forms  
Options  
AppearanceRules  
FormLayoutFunction  
PageTheme  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
Possible Issues  
Neat Examples  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Workflows
Related Links
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • FormObject
    • FormPage
    • APIFunction
    • AskFunction
    • CloudDeploy
    • ExportForm
    • URLDispatcher
    • Function
    • AutoSubmitting
    • RepeatingElement
    • CompoundElement
    • FormControl
    • FormProtectionMethod
  • Related Guides
    • Custom Interface Construction
    • Web Operations
    • Automated Reports
    • Cloud Functions & Deployment
    • Creating Form Interfaces & Apps
    • Setting Up Input Interpreters
    • Form Structure & Layout
    • Control Objects
    • Setting Up User Interactions
  • Workflows
    • Create a Web Form That Includes Content as Well as Input Fields
    • Make Forms with Sliders and Other Controls
    • Provide Initial Data to a Form
    • Build a Multipage Form
    • Create an Image Processing Website
    • Create a Webpage with Templates
    • Set Up a Form That Takes Images as Input
  • Tech Notes
    • Advanced Web Form Creation
    • See Also
      • FormObject
      • FormPage
      • APIFunction
      • AskFunction
      • CloudDeploy
      • ExportForm
      • URLDispatcher
      • Function
      • AutoSubmitting
      • RepeatingElement
      • CompoundElement
      • FormControl
      • FormProtectionMethod
    • Related Guides
      • Custom Interface Construction
      • Web Operations
      • Automated Reports
      • Cloud Functions & Deployment
      • Creating Form Interfaces & Apps
      • Setting Up Input Interpreters
      • Form Structure & Layout
      • Control Objects
      • Setting Up User Interactions
    • Workflows
      • Create a Web Form That Includes Content as Well as Input Fields
      • Make Forms with Sliders and Other Controls
      • Provide Initial Data to a Form
      • Build a Multipage Form
      • Create an Image Processing Website
      • Create a Webpage with Templates
      • Set Up a Form That Takes Images as Input
    • Tech Notes
      • Advanced Web Form Creation

FormFunction   

Listing of Field Types »

FormFunction[formspec,func]

represents an active form that, when submitted, applies func to the values obtained from the form specified by formspec.

FormFunction[{"name1"type1,…},func]

represents an active form with fields named namei interpreted as types typei.

FormFunction[{{"name1",label1}type1,…},func]

uses labeli as the label for the field named namei.

FormFunction[{namespec1type1default1,…},func]

uses defaulti as the default for the field specified by namespeci.

FormFunction[formspec,func,fmt]

specifies that in the cloud, the result from applying func should be returned in format fmt.

FormFunction[{formspec1,formspec2,…},func,…]

represents a multipage form, in which the successive formspeci can be functions that are applied to the values obtained so far.

Details and Options

  • FormFunction[formspec,func] displays the form specified by formspec, together with a "submit" button.
  • In FormFunction[formspec,func], formspec can be FormObject[…].
  • FormFunction[formspec,func] evaluates to give FormFunction[FormObject[…],func], where the FormObject contains full specifications for all fields in the form.
  • CloudDeploy[FormFunction[…]] yields a cloud object containing an active version of the form.
  • FormFunction[formspec,func][] evaluates by first evaluating Setting[formspec] to give an association of values for fields in the form. If no validation errors are generated, func is applied to the association, and the result is returned.
  • FormFunction[formspec,func][<|"namek"->inputk,…|>] inserts the inputs given into the form specified by FormFunction before evaluating the effect of the FormFunction.
  • FormFunction[…][] evaluates to an active form, which, assuming it has valid input given, is replaced by the result from applying func when it is submitted.
  • The typei for each field can be any of the following:
  • "form"any form supported by Interpreter
    Restricted[…], etc.any restricted form etc. supported by Interpreter
    Interpreter[…]any Interpreter object
    assocan association as used in FormObject
    tfunany function to be applied to the string
  • In multipage forms represented by FormFunction[{formspec1,formspec2,…},…], the successive forms specified by the formspeci are displayed, with the last form by default having a "done" button, and earlier forms by default having "next" buttons.
  • In FormFunction[{formspec1,formspec2,…},…], the formspeci after formspec1 are typically always pure functions. They are applied to an association giving the values of all inputs obtained from all earlier formspeci.
  • Overall options for FormFunction include:
  • AppearanceRules Automaticassociation giving overall appearance rules
    FormLayoutFunction Automaticfunction to generate layout for the form
    FormProtectionMethodAutomaticmethod for spam protection
    ImageFormattingWidth$ImageFormattingWidthwrapping width for output formatting
    ImageSizeAutomaticoverall image size for output
    PageTheme Automaticoverall theme to use for the deployed web page
  • When called in the cloud, FormFunction[formspec,func] by default returns the result in a format suitable for web output.
  • Possible result specifications fmt in FormFunction[formspec,func,fmt] are:
  • Automaticexport as HTML or CloudCDFElement as appropriate
    "HTML"export as raw static HTML page without dynamic content
    "HTMLThemed"export as static HTML using the same theme as the form
    "HTMLPaneled"export as HTML content in a panel
    "GIF","JPEG","PNG",…image of the result
    "String"raw string form of the result
    "fmt"any format supported by ExportForm
    Nonepass a string or list of bytes through without change
    {None,"type"}pass through, with a specific HTTP response type defined
    {fmt,opts}format specification with options
    fan arbitrary function to be applied to body
  • When called in the cloud, FormFunction[formspec,func,"fmt"] is equivalent to FormFunction[formspec,ExportForm[func[#],"fmt"]&].
  • When called directly in the notebook interface, the result specification fmt in FormFunction[formspec,func,fmt] is ignored.

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (2)

Set up a form function:

Activate it, then fill in inputs:

Deploy the form function to the cloud:

Programmatically fill in the form:

A partially submitted form will not be activated:

Create dynamic forms:

Scope  (25)

Interpreter Specifications  (6)

Use rich Interpreter specifications:

The Interpreter head is optional, but useful to specify options or other arguments to Interpreter:

A list can be used to create a menu:

An entity list can be used as a menu:

Choices can be any expression:

A list of rules allows for label specification:

Defaults  (3)

Specify a default for a field; fields that have a default are not required:

Fields can be optional without having a default:

Use RuleDelayed to evaluate a new default every time:

Input  (2)

Create a form with input inside:

Input can be delayed:

Label  (1)

Change the label for a field:

You can use RuleDelayed and return any expression:

Use None to remove the label:

Appearance  (4)

Change the default label to be something different from the key:

Labels can be any expression:

Change the appearance of single fields:

Use RuleDelayed to evaluate an expression in the cloud:

Use non-rule elements to change the default appearance:

Controls  (7)

Different types have different controllers. Color pickers for "Color":

Or file pickers for file formats:

Checkboxes for "Boolean":

Change the default controller:

Multiple choices support various types of controllers:

Labels for radio buttons can be anything you want:

The control specification also accepts pure functions:

Dynamic forms  (1)

Parts of forms that contain TemplateSlot are not evaluated until the keys mentioned in TemplateSlot[key] are bound to a proper value:

Multipage forms  (1)

FormFunction supports forms that span several pages. The fields depend on values in previous pages:

Options  (6)

AppearanceRules  (1)

Write a custom title and description:

Use an image for branding:

Use an "ItemLayout" to change form fields' appearance:

Change the submit label:

FormLayoutFunction  (1)

A pure function can be specified to give a specific layout to a form:

PageTheme  (4)

Deploy a form with a white theme:

Deploy a form with a blue theme:

Deploy a form with a black theme:

Deploy a form with a red theme:

Applications  (2)

Draw the flight path between two airports:

Get demographic data for a city:

Properties & Relations  (8)

FormFunction is designed to be interchangeable with APIFunction:

And vice versa:

The first argument of FormFunction can be given as a full FormObject:

FormFunction evaluates so that the first argument becomes a full FormObject:

The single fields of a FormFunction use Interpreter to transform the input in Wolfram Language expressions:

This is effectively the same as:

And the same as applying Interpreter directly:

AnySubset can be used to generate a controller where more than one choice can be picked:

RepeatingElement can be used to create a group of fields that can be added and deleted:

CompoundElement can be used to create an extensible table of fields:

Possible Issues  (1)

Interpreter["String"] accepts an empty string. This is not true for FormFunction, where the empty string and an empty field are considered equivalent:

Neat Examples  (3)

Create a search engine that redirects to a URL:

Make a simple web application to apply a filter to an image:

Output audio:

Open the form page, type a message and click the "Submit" button:

Click the play button to hear your message:

See Also

FormObject  FormPage  APIFunction  AskFunction  CloudDeploy  ExportForm  URLDispatcher  Function  AutoSubmitting  RepeatingElement  CompoundElement  FormControl  FormProtectionMethod

Function Repository: PersistentCloudForm

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • Advanced Web Form Creation

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Custom Interface Construction
  • ▪
  • Web Operations
  • ▪
  • Automated Reports
  • ▪
  • Cloud Functions & Deployment
  • ▪
  • Creating Form Interfaces & Apps
  • ▪
  • Setting Up Input Interpreters
  • ▪
  • Form Structure & Layout
  • ▪
  • Control Objects
  • ▪
  • Setting Up User Interactions

Related Workflows

    Related Workflows
    ▪
  • Create a Web Form That Includes Content as Well as Input Fields
  • ▪
  • Make Forms with Sliders and Other Controls
  • ▪
  • Provide Initial Data to a Form
  • ▪
  • Build a Multipage Form
  • ▪
  • Create an Image Processing Website
  • ▪
  • Create a Webpage with Templates
  • ▪
  • Set Up a Form That Takes Images as Input

Related Links

  • Fast Introduction for Programmers: Cloud Deployment
  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Creating Websites and Apps

History

Introduced in 2014 (10.0) | Updated in 2015 (10.1) ▪ 2015 (10.3)

Wolfram Research (2014), FormFunction, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.html (updated 2015).

Text

Wolfram Research (2014), FormFunction, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.html (updated 2015).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2014. "FormFunction." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2015. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2014). FormFunction. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_formfunction, author="Wolfram Research", title="{FormFunction}", year="2015", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.html}", note=[Accessed: 01-December-2025]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2025_formfunction, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={FormFunction}, year={2015}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.html}, note=[Accessed: 01-December-2025]}

Top
Introduction for Programmers
Introductory Book
Wolfram Function Repository | Wolfram Data Repository | Wolfram Data Drop | Wolfram Language Products
Top
  • Products
  • Wolfram|One
  • Mathematica
  • Notebook Assistant + LLM Kit
  • System Modeler

  • Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition
  • Wolfram|Alpha Pro
  • Mobile Apps

  • Wolfram Player
  • Wolfram Engine

  • Volume & Site Licensing
  • Server Deployment Options
  • Consulting
  • Wolfram Consulting
  • Repositories
  • Data Repository
  • Function Repository
  • Community Paclet Repository
  • Neural Net Repository
  • Prompt Repository

  • Wolfram Language Example Repository
  • Notebook Archive
  • Wolfram GitHub
  • Learning
  • Wolfram U
  • Wolfram Language Documentation
  • Webinars & Training
  • Educational Programs

  • Wolfram Language Introduction
  • Fast Introduction for Programmers
  • Fast Introduction for Math Students
  • Books

  • Wolfram Community
  • Wolfram Blog
  • Public Resources
  • Wolfram|Alpha
  • Wolfram Problem Generator
  • Wolfram Challenges

  • Computer-Based Math
  • Computational Thinking
  • Computational Adventures

  • Demonstrations Project
  • Wolfram Data Drop
  • MathWorld
  • Wolfram Science
  • Wolfram Media Publishing
  • Customer Resources
  • Store
  • Product Downloads
  • User Portal
  • Your Account
  • Organization Access

  • Support FAQ
  • Contact Support
  • Company
  • About Wolfram
  • Careers
  • Contact
  • Events
Wolfram Community Wolfram Blog
Legal & Privacy Policy
WolframAlpha.com | WolframCloud.com
© 2025 Wolfram
© 2025 Wolfram | Legal & Privacy Policy |
English