Fig. 4: Associations of weekly light exposure variables and laboratory-based photosensitivity measures with real-world photosensitivity of cognitive functions and weekly cognitive performance outcomes.

The comparison of weekly light exposure variables (A, C) and in-lab photosensitivity measures (B, D) with real-world photosensitivity of cognitive measures (A, B) and weekly cognitive outputs (C, D) is presented. In (A–D), heatmaps show Pearson correlation coefficients, with *p < 0.05 and (A, C) **p < 0.006, (B, D) **p < 0.008. Sample sizes: A KSS: n = 54, PVT: n = 55, NB3: n = 54; B KSS: n = 39, PVT: n = 40, NB3: n = 39; C n = 56 for all models; D n = 41 for all models. KSS Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; PVT Psychomotor Vigilance Task; NB3 3-Back Working Memory Test; VS Visual Search Task; RT reaction time; FPR false positive rate; FNR false negative rate. Lower slope values indicate higher light sensitivity of KSS, PVT, or NB3, reflecting greater photosensitivity. In (A, C), light exposure predictors include intensity variables such as M10 (mean of the brightest 10 h period) and L5 (mean of the dimmest 5-hour period); duration variables such as the time spent above 250 Melanopic EDI lux (minutes) and the time spent above 10 Melanopic EDI lux after sunset (minutes); timing variables including the midpoint time of the M10 period, the midpoint time of the L5 period, and the last time above 1 Melanopic EDI lux; and stability variables such as IS (interdaily stability of light exposure) and IV (intradaily variability of light exposure). In (B, D), photosensitivity predictors include subjective brightness ratings (0–100), initial pupil constriction (%) in the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) test, PIPR response (area under the curve between blue and red stimuli up to 6 s after the stimulus), PIPR response normalized to initial constriction, brightness preference (proportion of melanopsin-high choices at the highest melanopsin contrast), and brightness 0.75 threshold (the contrast at which melanopsin-high was chosen 75% of the time).