Founded in 2012, Affirm is a market leader in the buy now, pay later space with around $36 billion in transaction volume in fiscal 2025. Affirm offers both zero-interest financing, which is merchant-subsidized, and interest-bearing loans, which function as personal loans that are approved on a per-transaction basis. Over 70% of Affirm’s transaction volume comes from its interest-bearing loans, which also constitute the majority of its revenue. Affirm primarily operates in the United States, which accounted for more than 95% of its revenue in 2025, but it has also expanded to Canada and the United Kingdom.

Founded in 2012, Coinbase Global Inc. has as its mission to increase economic freedom in the world. The company has been working to update the financial system by providing a platform that makes it easy for customers to engage with crypto assets, prediction markets and tokenized securities. The company also provides critical infrastructure for on-chain activity. COIN offers products and services to three customer groups: Consumers, Institutions, and Developers.

Robinhood is a diversified financial services provider best known for its retail brokerage platform, which historically caters to a young, risk-seeking clientele that trades heavily on margin and in higher-risk asset classes like options, futures, cryptocurrencies, and more recently, in prediction markets. As those customers’ financial needs have begun to mature, Robinhood has rolled out a suite of more conventional products, from retirement accounts to high-yield cash sweep accounts to nascent advisory services (Robinhood Strategies). With $322 billion in customer assets and 27 million active accounts at year-end 2025, the firm has emerged as a significant player in the large, growing US brokerage market.

Headquartered in Menlo Park, California, Robinhood Markets operates a brokerage platform that lets clients trade stocks, options, futures, and cryptocurrencies. The company also has a dedicated Prediction Markets hub, where clients can trade event contracts on various outcomes, including sports, economics, and politics. The shares were added to the S&P 500 in September 2025.